Michael Stapelberg
367 lines
31 KiB
HTML
367 lines
31 KiB
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This article shows a couple of techniques for getting non-Go software to work on gokrazy, in increasing order of complexity.">
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This article shows a couple of techniques for getting non-Go software to work on gokrazy, in increasing order of complexity.">
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This article shows a couple of techniques for getting non-Go software to work on gokrazy, in increasing order of complexity.">
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This article shows a couple of techniques for getting non-Go software to work on gokrazy, in increasing order of complexity.">
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<li><a href="#go-software-not-written-for-gokrazy-grafana">Go software not written for gokrazy: Grafana</a></li>
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<li><a href="#c-software-wireguard">C software: WireGuard</a></li>
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<li><a href="#c-software-tc">C software: tc</a></li>
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<h1 id="non-go-prototyping">Non-Go Prototyping</h1>
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<p>To realize the full benefits of gokrazy, you need to use only
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software written in Go. If there is no Go software for what you want
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to do, creating that piece of software can pose a seemingly
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unsurmountable hurdle. To make some quick progress and figure out if
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your idea can be implemented, it might make sense to temporarily use
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existing software before starting your own implementation.</p>
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<p>This article shows a couple of techniques for getting non-Go
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software to work on gokrazy, in increasing order of complexity.</p>
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<p>Note that software which is manually installed like shown
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here <strong>will not be automatically updated</strong> by gokrazy
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and hence poses a security risk. Use these techniques only for
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prototyping.</p>
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<h2 id="go-software-not-written-for-gokrazy-grafana">Go software not written for gokrazy: Grafana<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>It would not suffice to add Grafana to your <code>gokr-packer</code>
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command, as the resulting Grafana binary requires assets, supports
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plugins, keeps state, etc.</p>
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<p>Hence, you need to manually install Grafana into a directory
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underneath <code>/perm</code>. A convenient way to do that is to
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use <a href="https://github.com/gokrazy/breakglass">breakglass</a>
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to download the “Standalone Linux Binaries” release from
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<a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/download?platform=arm"><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/download?platform=arm" rel="external">https://grafana.com/grafana/download?platform=arm</a></a>. Note
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that I am serving the file from my computer because my busybox
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version supports neither HTTPS nor DNS.</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # wget http://10.0.0.76:4080/grafana-5.3.2.linux-arm64.tar.gz
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # tar xf grafana-5.3.2.linux-arm64.tar.gz</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>We cannot start Grafana yet, as its binary is dynamically
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linked. One way to fix this is to place the sources which correspond
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to the release you just unpacked (e.g. from
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<a href="https://github.com/grafana/grafana/tree/v5.3.2"><a href="https://github.com/grafana/grafana/tree/v5.3.2" rel="external">https://github.com/grafana/grafana/tree/v5.3.2</a></a>)
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in your <code>$GOPATH</code> and recompile the binaries:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>GOARCH<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>arm64 CGO_ENABLED<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> CC<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc go install <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> -ldflags <span style="color:#e6db74">"-linkmode external -extldflags -static"</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/cmd/...</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>Note that it is usually easier to set the environment
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variable <code>CGO_ENABLED=0</code> to get a statically linked
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binary, but Grafana uses sqlite3, which is written in C, so we
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resort to the <code>-ldflags</code> variant.</p>
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<p>At this point, we can start Grafana from breakglass:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # cd grafana-5.3.2
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560/grafana-5.3.2 # wget http://10.0.0.76:4080/grafana-server
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560/grafana-5.3.2 # install -m 755 grafana-server bin/ && rm grafana-server
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560/grafana-5.3.2 # ./bin/grafana-server
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>INFO[10-30|19:27:51] Starting Grafana logger=server version=5.0.0 commit=NA compiled=2018-10-30T19:27:51+0100
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>…</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>To have gokrazy start Grafana, we can use a Go package like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#e6db74">"log"</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#e6db74">"syscall"</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>)
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">bin</span> = <span style="color:#e6db74">"/perm/grafana/bin/grafana-server"</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">syscall</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Exec</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">bin</span>, []<span style="color:#66d9ef">string</span>{<span style="color:#a6e22e">bin</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">"-homepath=/perm/grafana"</span>}, <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span>); <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">log</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Fatal</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> }
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="c-software-wireguard">C software: WireGuard<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>WireGuard is a modern VPN tunnel, which consists of a Linux kernel
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module and a configuration
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tool. See <a href="https://github.com/rtr7/kernel/commit/c7afbc1fd2efdb9e1149d271c4d2be59cc5c98f4">rtr7/kernel@c7afbc1f</a>
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for how the kernel module was added to the router7 kernel.</p>
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<p>The configuration tool can be statically cross-compiled. We can run
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Debian in a Docker container to not mess with our host system:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>% mkdir /tmp/wg
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% cd /tmp/wg
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% docker run -t -i debian
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# dpkg --add-architecture arm64
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# apt update
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# apt install libmnl-dev:arm64 libelf-dev:arm64 linux-headers-amd64 crossbuild-essential-arm64 pkg-config wget
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# wget https://git.zx2c4.com/WireGuard/snapshot/WireGuard-0.0.20181018.tar.xz
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# tar xf WireGuard-0.0.20181018.tar.xz
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# cd WireGuard-0.0.20181018/src/tools
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# make CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc LDFLAGS=-static
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@d1728eaaa6e1:/# exit
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% docker cp -L d1728eaaa6e1:/WireGuard-0.0.20181018/src/tools/wg .</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>Now we can copy and run the <code>wg</code> binary via breakglass:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # wget http://10.0.0.76:4080/wg
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # chmod +x wg
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # ./wg --help
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Usage: ./wg <cmd> [<args>]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>…</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h2 id="c-software-tc">C software: tc<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
|
||
<p>Linux’s Traffic Control system (used e.g. for traffic shaping) is
|
||
configured with the <code>tc</code> tool.</p>
|
||
<p><code>tc</code> is a special case in that it requires to be
|
||
dynamically linked. The different queueing disciplines are
|
||
implemented as plugins, and statically linking <code>tc</code>
|
||
results in a binary which starts but won’t be able to display or
|
||
change queueing disciplines.</p>
|
||
<p>Because gokrazy doesn’t include a C runtime environment, we’ll need to copy not
|
||
only the <code>tc</code> binary, but also the dynamic loader and all required
|
||
shared libraries. We can run Debian in a Docker container to not mess with our
|
||
host system, and use the <a
|
||
href="https://github.com/gokrazy/freeze"><code>freeze</code> tool</a> to
|
||
automate the tedious parts of the process:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>% docker run -t -i debian:trixie
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# dpkg --add-architecture arm64
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# apt update
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# apt install iproute2:arm64 qemu-user-static golang-go ca-certificates
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# go install github.com/gokrazy/freeze/cmd/...@latest
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# ~/go/bin/freeze -wrap=qemu-aarch64-static $(which tc)
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 /sbin/tc
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 Copying tc together with its 12 ELF shared library dependencies
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /sbin/tc /tmp/freeze2237965672/tc]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libbpf.so.0.7.0 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libbpf.so.0]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libelf-0.186.so /tmp/freeze2237965672/libelf.so.1]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmnl.so.0.2.0 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libmnl.so.0]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0.11.5 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libbsd.so.0]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libcap.so.2.44 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libcap.so.2]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libm-2.33.so /tmp/freeze2237965672/libm.so.6]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.33.so /tmp/freeze2237965672/libdl.so.2]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libxtables.so.12.4.0 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libxtables.so.12]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc-2.33.so /tmp/freeze2237965672/libc.so.6]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/ld-2.33.so /tmp/freeze2237965672/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.11 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libz.so.1]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [cp /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmd.so.0.0.5 /tmp/freeze2237965672/libmd.so.0]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 [tar cf /tmp/freeze2237965672.tar freeze2237965672]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2022/03/20 11:45:46 Download freeze2237965672.tar to your gokrazy device and run:
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PWD ./ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 ./tc
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@6e530a973d45:/# exit
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% mkdir /tmp/freeze
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% cd /tmp/freeze
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% docker cp 6e530a973d45:/tmp/freeze2237965672.tar .
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>% caddy file-server -listen=:4080</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Now we can copy the contents of the temporary directory to
|
||
e.g. <code>/perm/tc</code> and run the <code>tc</code> command in
|
||
breakglass:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # wget -O- http://10.0.0.76:4080/freeze2237965672.tar | tar xf -
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560 # cd freeze2237965672
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass531810560/freeze2237965672 # LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PWD ./ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 ./tc
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Usage: tc [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>…</span></span></code></pre></div>
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