Michael Stapelberg
327 lines
23 KiB
HTML
327 lines
23 KiB
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gokrazy uses its own minimal Go userland instead of a traditional Linux distribution base.
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This minimalist approach offers several advantages in terms of security, maintainability and reliability:
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The surface area for security vulnerabilities is drastically reduced. The root filesystem is entirely read-only (making persistent malware installation hard) and new versions of the system are installed by overwriting the root file system with the new version. No default shell access: There is neither xz nor OpenSSH on a gokrazy system. Interactive access for debugging is possible, but needs to be explicitly started. Backstory For a long time, we were unhappy about having to spend so much time on each of our various Raspberry Pis, taking care of security updates and other general Linux distribution maintenance.">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="With gokrazy, you can deploy one or more Go programs as appliances to a Raspberry Pi, Virtual Machine, embedded or normal PC (see supported platforms).
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gokrazy uses its own minimal Go userland instead of a traditional Linux distribution base.
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This minimalist approach offers several advantages in terms of security, maintainability and reliability:
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The surface area for security vulnerabilities is drastically reduced. The root filesystem is entirely read-only (making persistent malware installation hard) and new versions of the system are installed by overwriting the root file system with the new version. No default shell access: There is neither xz nor OpenSSH on a gokrazy system. Interactive access for debugging is possible, but needs to be explicitly started. Backstory For a long time, we were unhappy about having to spend so much time on each of our various Raspberry Pis, taking care of security updates and other general Linux distribution maintenance.">
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<meta property="og:description" content="With gokrazy, you can deploy one or more Go programs as appliances to a Raspberry Pi, Virtual Machine, embedded or normal PC (see supported platforms).
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gokrazy uses its own minimal Go userland instead of a traditional Linux distribution base.
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This minimalist approach offers several advantages in terms of security, maintainability and reliability:
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The surface area for security vulnerabilities is drastically reduced. The root filesystem is entirely read-only (making persistent malware installation hard) and new versions of the system are installed by overwriting the root file system with the new version. No default shell access: There is neither xz nor OpenSSH on a gokrazy system. Interactive access for debugging is possible, but needs to be explicitly started. Backstory For a long time, we were unhappy about having to spend so much time on each of our various Raspberry Pis, taking care of security updates and other general Linux distribution maintenance.">
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<meta itemprop="description" content="With gokrazy, you can deploy one or more Go programs as appliances to a Raspberry Pi, Virtual Machine, embedded or normal PC (see supported platforms).
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gokrazy uses its own minimal Go userland instead of a traditional Linux distribution base.
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||
This minimalist approach offers several advantages in terms of security, maintainability and reliability:
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The surface area for security vulnerabilities is drastically reduced. The root filesystem is entirely read-only (making persistent malware installation hard) and new versions of the system are installed by overwriting the root file system with the new version. No default shell access: There is neither xz nor OpenSSH on a gokrazy system. Interactive access for debugging is possible, but needs to be explicitly started. Backstory For a long time, we were unhappy about having to spend so much time on each of our various Raspberry Pis, taking care of security updates and other general Linux distribution maintenance.">
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<li><a href="#uniformity">Uniformity</a></li>
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<li><a href="#web-status-interface">Web status interface</a></li>
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<li><a href="#debugging">Debugging</a></li>
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<li><a href="#network-updates">Network updates</a></li>
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<h1 id="gokrazy-go-appliances">gokrazy Go appliances</h1>
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<p>With gokrazy, you can deploy one or more Go programs as
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_appliance" rel="external">appliances</a> to a Raspberry
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Pi, Virtual Machine, embedded or normal PC (see <a href="/platforms/index.html">supported
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platforms</a>).</p>
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<p>gokrazy uses its own minimal Go userland instead of a traditional Linux
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distribution base.</p>
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<p>This minimalist approach offers several advantages in terms of security,
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maintainability and reliability:</p>
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<ul>
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||
<li>The surface area for security vulnerabilities is drastically reduced.</li>
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<li>The root filesystem is entirely read-only (making persistent malware
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installation hard) and new versions of the system are installed by overwriting
|
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the root file system with the new version.</li>
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||
<li>No default shell access: There is neither xz nor OpenSSH on a gokrazy
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system. Interactive access for debugging is possible, but needs to be
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explicitly started.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="backstory">Backstory<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>For a long time, we were unhappy about having to spend so much time on each of
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our various Raspberry Pis, taking care of security updates and other general
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Linux distribution maintenance.</p>
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<p>Then, we had a crazy idea: what if we massively reduced the overall system
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complexity by getting rid of all software we don’t strictly need, and instead
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built up a minimal system from scratch entirely in Go, a memory safe programming
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language?</p>
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<p>Turns out this is feasible. gokrazy is the result. See it in action in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FBGjdT8ZW4&list=PLxMVx8p-A48A6H-EWqzN-HStDH1dOW5PU" rel="external">this
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first installation demo
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video</a>:</p>
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share; fullscreen" loading="eager" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/6FBGjdT8ZW4?autoplay=0&controls=1&end=0&loop=0&mute=0&start=0" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border:0;" title="gokrazy demo: first installation and adding programs"></iframe>
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</div>
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<!--<img src="logo.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="gokrazy logo" title="gokrazy logo">-->
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<h2 id="your-apps--only-4-moving-parts">Your app(s) + only 4 moving parts<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>the <a href="https://github.com/gokrazy/kernel" rel="external">Linux kernel</a>
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<ul>
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<li>new versions are typically available < 24h after upstream release!</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>the <a href="https://github.com/gokrazy/firmware" rel="external">Raspberry Pi firmware files</a></li>
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<li>the <a href="https://go.dev/" rel="external">Go</a> compiler and standard library</li>
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<li>the gokrazy system (minimal init system, updater, DHCP, NTP, …)</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="uniformity">Uniformity<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>What’s appealing about building an appliance entirely in Go? You get the same
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advantages you get when building Go software elsewhere:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>All components mentioned above (except for the Go compiler) are managed as Go
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modules, using the same tooling you’re already familiar with.</li>
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<li>Go has very quick compilation times; the <code>gok run</code> command allows for a fast
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edit-run loop.</li>
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<li>Go’s
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<a href="https://about.sourcegraph.com/blog/go/an-introduction-to-go-tool-trace-rhys-hiltner" rel="external">tracing</a>
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and <a href="https://go.dev/blog/pprof" rel="external">profiling</a> support can be used on the entire
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system</li>
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<li>With Go’s <a href="https://go.dev/wiki/Modules#when-should-i-use-the-replace-directive" rel="external">replace
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directive</a>,
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you can quickly modify any part of the system with the same workflow.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="web-status-interface">Web status interface<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>On a regular Linux distribution, we’d largely use systemctl’s start,
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stop, restart and status verbs to manage our applications. gokrazy
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comes with a <a href="overview.png">convenient web interface</a> for
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seeing process status and stopping/restarting processes.</p>
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<h2 id="debugging">Debugging<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>Sometimes, an interactive <code>busybox</code> session or a quick
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<code>tcpdump</code> run are invaluable. <a
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href="https://github.com/gokrazy/breakglass">breakglass</a> allows
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you to temporarily enable SSH/SCP-based authenticated remote code
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execution: scp your statically compiled binary, then run it
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interactively via ssh.</p>
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<p>Due to no C runtime environment being present, your code must compile
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with the environment variable <code>CGO_ENABLED=0</code>. To
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cross-compile for the Raspberry Pi 3 or 4,
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use <code>GOARCH=arm64</code>. If your program still builds, you’re
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good to go!</p>
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<h2 id="network-updates">Network updates<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>After building a new gokrazy image on your computer, you can easily
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update an existing gokrazy installation in-place thanks to the A/B
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partitioning scheme we use. Just use the <code>gok update</code>
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command.</p>
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<h2 id="minimal-state-and-configuration">Minimal state and configuration<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>A tiny amount of configuration is built into the images (e.g.
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hostname, password, serial console behavior). In general, we prefer
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auto-configuration (e.g. DHCP) over config files. If you need more
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configurability, you may need to replace some of our programs.</p>
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