Michael Stapelberg
401 lines
30 KiB
HTML
401 lines
30 KiB
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The high-level plan is:
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Install an M.2 HAT (with compatible NVMe SSD disk) on your Pi 5. Boot an SD card once on the Pi 5 to update the bootloader. Write gokrazy to the NVMe disk. Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT There are various products available to extend the Raspberry Pi 5 with an M.2 disk slot.">
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The high-level plan is:
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Install an M.2 HAT (with compatible NVMe SSD disk) on your Pi 5. Boot an SD card once on the Pi 5 to update the bootloader. Write gokrazy to the NVMe disk. Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT There are various products available to extend the Raspberry Pi 5 with an M.2 disk slot.">
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The high-level plan is:
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Install an M.2 HAT (with compatible NVMe SSD disk) on your Pi 5. Boot an SD card once on the Pi 5 to update the bootloader. Write gokrazy to the NVMe disk. Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT There are various products available to extend the Raspberry Pi 5 with an M.2 disk slot.">
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The high-level plan is:
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Install an M.2 HAT (with compatible NVMe SSD disk) on your Pi 5. Boot an SD card once on the Pi 5 to update the bootloader. Write gokrazy to the NVMe disk. Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT There are various products available to extend the Raspberry Pi 5 with an M.2 disk slot.">
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<li><a href="#step-1-install-an-m2-hat">Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT</a></li>
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<li><a href="#step-2-bootloader-update">Step 2. Bootloader update</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#option-a-gokrazy">Option A: gokrazy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#option-b-raspberry-pi-imager">Option B: Raspberry Pi Imager</a></li>
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<li><a href="#step-3-using-the-nvme-disk">Step 3. Using the NVMe disk</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#option-a-writing-to-the-nvme-disk-directly">Option A: Writing to the NVMe disk directly</a></li>
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<li><a href="#option-b-copying-a-running-system">Option B: Copying a running system</a></li>
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<h1 id="nvme-disk-pi-5">NVMe disk (Pi 5)</h1>
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<p>This page shows you how to use an M.2 NVMe disk on your Raspberry Pi 5 with gokrazy.</p>
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<p>The high-level plan is:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Install an M.2 HAT (with compatible NVMe SSD disk) on your Pi 5.</li>
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<li>Boot an SD card once on the Pi 5 to update the bootloader.</li>
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<li>Write gokrazy to the NVMe disk.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="step-1-install-an-m2-hat">Step 1. Install an M.2 HAT<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>There are various products available to extend the Raspberry Pi 5 with an M.2
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disk slot.</p>
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<p>Unfortunately, all of them require compromises:</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Product</th>
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<th>fan?</th>
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<th>case?</th>
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<th>GPIO?</th>
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<th>M.2 form factor</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>official <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/m2-hat-plus/" rel="external">Pi M.2 HAT+</a></td>
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<td>✅ yes</td>
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<td>❌ no</td>
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<td>❌ no</td>
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<td>2230, 2242</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>official <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/m2-hat-plus/" rel="external">Pi M.2 HAT+ Compact</a></td>
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<td>✅ yes</td>
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<td>✅ yes</td>
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<td>❌ no</td>
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<td>2230</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/nvme-base" rel="external">Pimoroni NVMe Base</a></td>
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<td>✅ yes</td>
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<td>❌ no</td>
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<td>✅ yes</td>
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<td>2230, 2242, 2260, 2280</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>(All of the above products have been successfully tested with gokrazy.)</p>
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<h2 id="step-2-bootloader-update">Step 2. Bootloader update<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>On all three different Raspberry Pi 5 devices I tested, I needed to first update
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the bootloader firmware (stored in the EEPROM) before the NVMe port would start
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working.</p>
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<p>You have multiple options for updating the firmware.</p>
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<h3 id="option-a-gokrazy">Option A: gokrazy<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h3>
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<p>If you don’t have a gokrazy instance yet, follow the <a href="/quickstart/index.html">Quickstart</a>
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guide to create one.</p>
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<p>Set the <a href="/userguide/instance-config/index.html#eeprompackage"><code>EEPROMPackage</code> instance config
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field</a> as follows:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">…</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#f92672">"EEPROMPackage"</span>: <span style="color:#e6db74">"github.com/gokrazy/rpi5-eeprom"</span>,
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">…</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>Once you boot this gokrazy system, the EEPROM will be updated.</p>
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<p>If you want, you can customize the boot order by setting the
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<a href="/userguide/instance-config/index.html#bootloaderextraeeprom"><code>BootloaderExtraEEPROM</code> instance config
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field</a>, for example:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">…</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#f92672">"BootloaderExtraEEPROM"</span>: [
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#e6db74">"BOOT_ORDER=0xf16"</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> ],
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">…</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>This <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/raspberry-pi.html#BOOT_ORDER" rel="external"><code>BOOT_ORDER</code> setting
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<code>0xf16</code></a>
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boots from NVMe disk first, then falls back to SD card.</p>
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<h3 id="option-b-raspberry-pi-imager">Option B: Raspberry Pi Imager<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h3>
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<p>A gokrazy-managed bootloader (Option A) is the recommended way, but in case you
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need a different option, you can install and start the official <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/" rel="external">Raspberry Pi
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Imager</a>.</p>
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<p>Click “Operating System”, then chose <em>Misc utility images</em> → <em>Bootloader (Pi 5 family)</em> → <em>NVMe/USB Boot</em>.</p>
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<p>Boot the created SD card and observe the green LED. The LED is solid green for a
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few seconds, then starts blinking rapidly while the EEPROM is being written and
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ultimately blinks slowly. If you have an HDMI screen connected, the screen turns
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solid green once the EEPROM was written.</p>
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<h2 id="step-3-using-the-nvme-disk">Step 3. Using the NVMe disk<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h2>
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<p>If you want, you can <a href="/userguide/instance-config/index.html#mountconfig">mount the NVMe
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disk</a> as an extra storage device, which
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requires no extra steps.</p>
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<p>The rest of this section shows how to use the NVMe disk to store the entire
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gokrazy system.</p>
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<h3 id="option-a-writing-to-the-nvme-disk-directly">Option A: Writing to the NVMe disk directly<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h3>
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<p>The best way to write to the NVMe disk is to plug it into your computer, if you
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have a spare M.2 slot.</p>
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<p>If you don’t have an M.2 slot, you can use an USB M.2 NVMe SSD enclosure like
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the <a href="https://www.digitec.ch/de/s1/product/icy-box-gehaeuse-1x-nvme-ib-1817m-c31-m2-2260-m2-2242-m2-2230-m2-2280-festplattengehaeuse-10695604" rel="external">Icy Box
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IB-1817M-C31</a>
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(costs about 25 bucks).</p>
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<p>After plugging in the SSD, write gokrazy to it as usual:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>gok overwrite --full /dev/disk/by-id/…</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="option-b-copying-a-running-system">Option B: Copying a running system<span class="btn cstyle anchor copyanchor scrollanchor link noborder notitle interactive"><button type="button" title="Copy link to clipboard"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link fa-lg"></i></button></span></h3>
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<p>If you don’t have a convenient way to write to an NVMe disk, you can boot
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gokrazy from SD card on the Raspberry Pi 5, then log in via SSH (using
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<a href="https://github.com/gokrazy/breakglass" rel="external">breakglass</a>) and copy the running
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system.</p>
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<p>After using the <code>breakglass</code> command to log into your gokrazy instance, you
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should be able to list the <code>/dev/mmcblk*</code> and <code>/dev/nvme*</code> devices. With a fresh
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NVMe disk, you would expect to see no partitions after <code>nvme0n1</code>, and four
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partitions on <code>mmcblk0</code>:</p>
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<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ breakglass gokrazy
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2025/11/16 16:46:54 checking breakglass status on gokrazy instance "gokrazy"
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2025/11/16 16:46:54 polling SSH port to become available
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2025/11/16 16:46:54 [ssh gokrazy.lan]
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Warning: Permanently added 'gokrazy.lan' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> __
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> .-----.-----| |--.----.---.-.-----.--.--.
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> | _ | _ | <| _| _ |-- __| | |
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> |___ |_____|__|__|__| |___._|_____|___ |
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> |_____| host: "gokrazy" |_____|
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> model: Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.0
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> build: 2025-11-16T15:55:04+01:00
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass4067757295 # ls -l /dev/mmcblk*
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 179, 0 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/mmcblk0
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 179, 1 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/mmcblk0p1
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 179, 2 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/mmcblk0p2
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 179, 3 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/mmcblk0p3
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 179, 4 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/mmcblk0p4
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass4067757295 # ls -l /dev/nvme*
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>crw------- 1 0 0 239, 0 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/nvme0
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>brw------- 1 0 0 259, 0 Nov 16 15:55 /dev/nvme0n1
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp/breakglass4067757295 # </span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Copy the first 1100 MB, which includes the gokrazy boot partition and gokrazy
|
||
root A+B partitions, all of which are read-only and hence can be safely copied:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight actionbar-wrapper wrap-code" dir="auto"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp # dd if=/dev/mmcblk0 of=/dev/nvme0n1 bs=1MB count=1100
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1100+0 records in
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1100+0 records out
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1100000000 bytes (1.0GB) copied, 14.651804 seconds, 71.6MB/s
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/tmp # poweroff
|
||
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Connection to gokrazy.lan closed by remote host.</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Unplug the SD card and the Pi will now boot from the NVMe disk.</p>
|
||
<p>Afterwards, <a href="/userguide/permanent-data/index.html">create a permanent partition</a> as usual
|
||
and copy your files from the SD card to the partition, e.g. using <code>scp</code> (quick
|
||
and built-in) or <a href="/userguide/rsync-backups/index.html"><code>rsync</code> for larger transfers</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>TODO: the partition table is not updated with this approach, meaning the
|
||
permanent partition will be limited to the size of the SD card! See
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/gokrazy/gokrazy/issues/267" rel="external">https://github.com/gokrazy/gokrazy/issues/267</a> for details.</p>
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