Merge branch 'pre-commit-ci-update-config'

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v3.15.0 → v3.15.1](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v3.15.0...v3.15.1)

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and install wheel
         run: |
-          python -m build
+          tox run -m build
           python -m pip install dist/*.whl
 
       - name: tox

.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,85 @@
-*.egg-info
-*.py[co]
-/.coverage
-/.tox
-/dist
-.vscode/
+# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion
+
+*.iml
+
+## Directory-based project format:
+.idea/
+
+### Other editors
+.*.swp
+nbproject/
+.vscode
+
+*.exe
+*.zip
+
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
 build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# for testing
+temp/
+tmp/

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.4.0
+    rev: v4.5.0
     hooks:
     -   id: trailing-whitespace
     -   id: end-of-file-fixer
@@ -10,38 +10,38 @@ repos:
     -   id: name-tests-test
     -   id: requirements-txt-fixer
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-    rev: v2.2.0
+    rev: v2.5.0
     hooks:
     -   id: setup-cfg-fmt
--   repo: https://github.com/asottile/reorder_python_imports
-    rev: v3.9.0
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/reorder-python-imports
+    rev: v3.12.0
     hooks:
     -   id: reorder-python-imports
         args: [--py38-plus, --add-import, 'from __future__ import annotations']
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/add-trailing-comma
-    rev: v2.4.0
+    rev: v3.1.0
     hooks:
     -   id: add-trailing-comma
         args: [--py36-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/dead
-    rev: v1.5.0
+    rev: v1.5.2
     hooks:
     -   id: dead
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.3.1
+    rev: v3.15.1
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
         args: [--py38-plus]
--   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-autopep8
-    rev: v2.0.1
+-   repo: https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8
+    rev: v2.0.4
     hooks:
     -   id: autopep8
 -   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 6.0.0
+    rev: 7.0.0
     hooks:
     -   id: flake8
         additional_dependencies: [flake8-encodings, flake8-warnings, flake8-builtins, flake8-length, flake8-print]
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.0.1
+    rev: v1.8.0
     hooks:
     -   id: mypy

README.md

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ $ python -m settngs
 Hello lordwelch
 $ python -m settngs -v
 Hello lordwelch
-merged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True
+merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True
 $ python -m settngs -v -s
 Hello lordwelch
 Successfully saved settings to settings.json
-merged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True
+merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True
 $ python -m settngs
 Hello lordwelch
-merged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True
+merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True
 $ cat >settings.json << EOF
 {
   "example": {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Hello world
 settngs.json at the end:
 ```json
 {
-  "example": {
+  "Example Group": {
     "hello": "world",
     "verbose": false
   },

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=42", "wheel", "setuptools_scm[toml]>=3.4"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[tool.setuptools_scm]
+local_scheme = "no-local-version"

settngs.py

@@ -1,682 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import json
-import logging
-import pathlib
-import re
-import sys
-from argparse import Namespace
-from collections import defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Any
-from typing import Callable
-from typing import Dict
-from typing import Generic
-from typing import NoReturn
-from typing import overload
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-from typing import TypeVar
-from typing import Union
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing_extensions import NamedTuple
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing import NamedTuple
-
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 9):  # pragma: no cover
-    def removeprefix(self: str, prefix: str, /) -> str:
-        if self.startswith(prefix):
-            return self[len(prefix):]
-        else:
-            return self[:]
-
-    class BooleanOptionalAction(argparse.Action):
-        def __init__(
-            self,
-            option_strings,
-            dest,
-            default=None,
-            type=None,  # noqa: A002
-            choices=None,
-            required=False,
-            help=None,  # noqa: A002
-            metavar=None,
-        ):
-
-            _option_strings = []
-            for option_string in option_strings:
-                _option_strings.append(option_string)
-
-                if option_string.startswith('--'):
-                    option_string = '--no-' + option_string[2:]
-                    _option_strings.append(option_string)
-
-            if help is not None and default is not None and default is not argparse.SUPPRESS:
-                help += ' (default: %(default)s)'
-
-            super().__init__(
-                option_strings=_option_strings,
-                dest=dest,
-                nargs=0,
-                default=default,
-                type=type,
-                choices=choices,
-                required=required,
-                help=help,
-                metavar=metavar,
-            )
-
-        def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):  # dead: disable
-            if option_string in self.option_strings:
-                setattr(namespace, self.dest, not option_string.startswith('--no-'))
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    from argparse import BooleanOptionalAction
-    removeprefix = str.removeprefix
-
-
-class Setting:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        # From argparse
-        *names: str,
-        action: type[argparse.Action] | None = None,
-        nargs: str | int | None = None,
-        const: str | None = None,
-        default: str | None = None,
-        type: Callable[..., Any] | None = None,  # noqa: A002
-        choices: Sequence[Any] | None = None,
-        required: bool | None = None,
-        help: str | None = None,  # noqa: A002
-        metavar: str | None = None,
-        dest: str | None = None,
-        # ComicTagger
-        display_name: str = '',
-        cmdline: bool = True,
-        file: bool = True,
-        group: str = '',
-        exclusive: bool = False,
-    ):
-        """
-
-        Args:
-            *names:       Passed directly to argparse
-            action:       Passed directly to argparse
-            nargs:        Passed directly to argparse
-            const:        Passed directly to argparse
-            default:      Passed directly to argparse
-            type:         Passed directly to argparse
-            choices:      Passed directly to argparse
-            required:     Passed directly to argparse
-            help:         Passed directly to argparse
-            metavar:      Passed directly to argparse, defaults to `dest` uppercased
-            dest:         This is the name used to retrieve the value from a `Config` object as a dictionary
-            display_name: This is not used by settngs. This is a human-readable name to be used when generating a GUI.
-                          Defaults to `dest`.
-            cmdline:      If this setting can be set via the commandline
-            file:         If this setting can be set via a file
-            group:        The group this option is in.
-                          This is an internal argument and should only be set by settngs
-            exclusive:    If this setting is exclusive to other settings in this group.
-                          This is an internal argument and should only be set by settngs
-        """
-        if not names:
-            raise ValueError('names must be specified')
-        # We prefix the destination name used by argparse so that there are no conflicts
-        # Argument names will still cause an exception if there is a conflict e.g. if '-f' is defined twice
-        self.internal_name, dest, flag = self.get_dest(group, names, dest)
-        args: Sequence[str] = names
-
-        # We then also set the metavar so that '--config' in the group runtime shows as 'CONFIG' instead of 'RUNTIME_CONFIG'
-        if not metavar and action not in ('store_true', 'store_false', 'count'):
-            metavar = dest.upper()
-
-        # If we are not a flag, no '--' or '-' in front
-        # we prefix the first name with the group as argparse sets dest to args[0]
-        # I believe internal name may be able to be used here
-        if not flag:
-            args = tuple((f'{group}_{names[0]}'.lstrip('_'), *names[1:]))
-
-        self.action = action
-        self.nargs = nargs
-        self.const = const
-        self.default = default
-        self.type = type
-        self.choices = choices
-        self.required = required
-        self.help = help
-        self.metavar = metavar
-        self.dest = dest
-        self.cmdline = cmdline
-        self.file = file
-        self.argparse_args = args
-        self.group = group
-        self.exclusive = exclusive
-        self.display_name = display_name or dest
-
-        self.argparse_kwargs = {
-            'action': action,
-            'nargs': nargs,
-            'const': const,
-            'default': default,
-            'type': type,
-            'choices': choices,
-            'required': required,
-            'help': help,
-            'metavar': metavar,
-            'dest': self.internal_name if flag else None,
-        }
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
-        return f'Setting({self.argparse_args}, type={self.type}, file={self.file}, cmdline={self.cmdline}, kwargs={self.argparse_kwargs})'
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
-        return self.__str__()
-
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, Setting):
-            return NotImplemented
-        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
-
-    def get_dest(self, prefix: str, names: Sequence[str], dest: str | None) -> tuple[str, str, bool]:
-        dest_name = None
-        flag = False
-
-        for n in names:
-            if n.startswith('--'):
-                flag = True
-                dest_name = sanitize_name(n)
-                break
-            if n.startswith('-'):
-                flag = True
-
-        if dest_name is None:
-            dest_name = names[0]
-        if dest:
-            dest_name = dest
-        if not dest_name.isidentifier():
-            raise Exception('Cannot use {dest_name} in a namespace')
-
-        internal_name = f'{prefix}_{dest_name}'.lstrip('_')
-        return internal_name, dest_name, flag
-
-    def filter_argparse_kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        return {k: v for k, v in self.argparse_kwargs.items() if v is not None}
-
-    def to_argparse(self) -> tuple[Sequence[str], dict[str, Any]]:
-        return self.argparse_args, self.filter_argparse_kwargs()
-
-
-class Group(NamedTuple):
-    persistent: bool
-    v: dict[str, Setting]
-
-
-Values = Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
-Definitions = Dict[str, Group]
-
-T = TypeVar('T', Values, Namespace)
-
-
-class Config(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
-    values: T
-    definitions: Definitions
-
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    ArgParser = Union[argparse._MutuallyExclusiveGroup, argparse._ArgumentGroup, argparse.ArgumentParser]
-    ns = Namespace | Config[T] | None
-
-
-def sanitize_name(name: str) -> str:
-    return re.sub('[' + re.escape(' -_,.!@#$%^&*(){}[]\',."<>;:') + ']+', '_', name).strip('_')
-
-
-def get_option(options: Values | Namespace, setting: Setting) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
-    """
-    Helper function to retrieve the value for a setting and if the value is the default value
-
-    Args:
-        options: Dictionary or namespace of options
-        setting: The setting object describing the value to retrieve
-    """
-    if isinstance(options, dict):
-        value = options.get(setting.group, {}).get(setting.dest, setting.default)
-    else:
-        value = getattr(options, setting.internal_name, setting.default)
-    return value, value == setting.default
-
-
-def get_options(options: Config[T], group: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """
-    Helper function to retrieve all of the values for a group. Only to be used on persistent groups.
-
-    Args:
-        options: Dictionary or namespace of options
-        group: The name of the group to retrieve
-    """
-    if isinstance(options[0], dict):
-        values = options[0].get(group, {}).copy()
-    else:
-        internal_names = {x.internal_name: x for x in options[1][group].v.values()}
-        values = {}
-        v = vars(options[0])
-        for name, value in v.items():
-            if name.startswith(f'{group}_'):
-                if name in internal_names:
-                    values[internal_names[name].dest] = value
-                else:
-                    values[removeprefix(name, f'{group}_')] = value
-
-    return values
-
-
-def normalize_config(
-    config: Config[T],
-    file: bool = False,
-    cmdline: bool = False,
-    defaults: bool = True,
-    persistent: bool = True,
-) -> Config[Values]:
-    """
-    Creates an `OptionValues` dictionary with setting definitions taken from `self.definitions`
-    and values taken from `raw_options` and `raw_options_2' if defined.
-    Values are assigned so if the value is a dictionary mutating it will mutate the original.
-
-    Args:
-        raw_options: The dict or Namespace to normalize options from
-        definitions: The definition of the options
-        file: Include file options
-        cmdline: Include cmdline options
-        defaults: Include default values in the returned dict
-        persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups
-    """
-
-    normalized: Values = {}
-    options, definitions = config
-    for group_name, group in definitions.items():
-        group_options = {}
-        if group.persistent and persistent:
-            group_options = get_options(config, group_name)
-        for setting_name, setting in group.v.items():
-            if (setting.cmdline and cmdline) or (setting.file and file):
-                # Ensures the option exists with the default if not already set
-                value, default = get_option(options, setting)
-                if not default or default and defaults:
-                    group_options[setting_name] = value
-                elif setting_name in group_options:
-                    del group_options[setting_name]
-        normalized[group_name] = group_options
-    return Config(normalized, definitions)
-
-
-def parse_file(definitions: Definitions, filename: pathlib.Path) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
-    """
-    Helper function to read options from a json dictionary from a file
-    Args:
-        filename: A pathlib.Path object to read a json dictionary from
-    """
-    options: Values = {}
-    success = True
-    if filename.exists():
-        try:
-            with filename.open() as file:
-                opts = json.load(file)
-            if isinstance(opts, dict):
-                options = opts
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception('Failed to load config file: %s', filename)
-            success = False
-    else:
-        logger.info('No config file found')
-        success = True
-
-    return (normalize_config(Config(options, definitions), file=True), success)
-
-
-def clean_config(
-    config: Config[T], file: bool = False, cmdline: bool = False,
-) -> Values:
-    """
-    Normalizes options and then cleans up empty groups
-    Args:
-        options:
-        file:
-        cmdline:
-
-    Returns:
-
-    """
-
-    clean_options, definitions = normalize_config(config, file=file, cmdline=cmdline)
-    for group in list(clean_options.keys()):
-        if not clean_options[group]:
-            del clean_options[group]
-    return clean_options
-
-
-def defaults(definitions: Definitions) -> Config[Values]:
-    return normalize_config(Config(Namespace(), definitions), file=True, cmdline=True)
-
-
-def get_namespace(config: Config[T], defaults: bool = True, persistent: bool = True) -> Config[Namespace]:
-    """
-    Returns an Namespace object with options in the form "{group_name}_{setting_name}"
-    `options` should already be normalized.
-    Throws an exception if the internal_name is duplicated
-
-    Args:
-        options: Normalized options to turn into a Namespace
-        defaults: Include default values in the returned dict
-        persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups
-    """
-
-    if isinstance(config.values, Namespace):
-        options, definitions = normalize_config(config)
-    else:
-        options, definitions = config
-    namespace = Namespace()
-    for group_name, group in definitions.items():
-        if group.persistent and persistent:
-            group_options = get_options(config, group_name)
-            for name, value in group_options.items():
-                if name in group.v:
-                    internal_name, default = group.v[name].internal_name, group.v[name].default == value
-                else:
-                    internal_name, default = f'{group_name}_' + sanitize_name(name), None
-
-                if hasattr(namespace, internal_name):
-                    raise Exception(f'Duplicate internal name: {internal_name}')
-
-                if not default or default and defaults:
-                    setattr(namespace, internal_name, value)
-
-        else:
-            for setting_name, setting in group.v.items():
-                if hasattr(namespace, setting.internal_name):
-                    raise Exception(f'Duplicate internal name: {setting.internal_name}')
-                value, default = get_option(options, setting)
-
-                if not default or default and defaults:
-                    setattr(namespace, setting.internal_name, value)
-    return Config(namespace, definitions)
-
-
-def save_file(
-    config: Config[T], filename: pathlib.Path,
-) -> bool:
-    """
-    Helper function to save options from a json dictionary to a file
-    Args:
-        options: The options to save to a json dictionary
-        filename: A pathlib.Path object to save the json dictionary to
-    """
-    file_options = clean_config(config, file=True)
-    if not filename.exists():
-        filename.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-        filename.touch()
-
-    try:
-        json_str = json.dumps(file_options, indent=2)
-        filename.write_text(json_str + '\n', encoding='utf-8')
-    except Exception:
-        logger.exception('Failed to save config file: %s', filename)
-        return False
-    return True
-
-
-def create_argparser(definitions: Definitions, description: str, epilog: str) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
-    """Creates an :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` from all cmdline settings"""
-    groups: dict[str, ArgParser] = {}
-    argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description=description, epilog=epilog, formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
-    )
-    for group_name, group in definitions.items():
-        for setting_name, setting in group.v.items():
-            if setting.cmdline:
-                argparse_args, argparse_kwargs = setting.to_argparse()
-                current_group: ArgParser = argparser
-                if setting.group:
-                    if setting.group not in groups:
-                        if setting.exclusive:
-                            groups[setting.group] = argparser.add_argument_group(
-                                setting.group,
-                            ).add_mutually_exclusive_group()
-                        else:
-                            groups[setting.group] = argparser.add_argument_group(setting.group)
-
-                    # hard coded exception for files
-                    if not (setting.group == 'runtime' and setting.nargs == '*'):
-                        current_group = groups[setting.group]
-                current_group.add_argument(*argparse_args, **argparse_kwargs)
-    return argparser
-
-
-def parse_cmdline(
-    definitions: Definitions,
-    description: str,
-    epilog: str,
-    args: list[str] | None = None,
-    config: Namespace | Config[T] | None = None,
-) -> Config[Values]:
-    """
-    Creates an `argparse.ArgumentParser` from cmdline settings in `self.definitions`.
-    `args` and `namespace` are passed to `argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args`
-
-    Args:
-        args: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse
-        namespace: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse
-    """
-    namespace = None
-    if isinstance(config, Config):
-        if isinstance(config.values, Namespace):
-            namespace = config.values
-        else:
-            namespace = get_namespace(config, defaults=False)[0]
-    else:
-        namespace = config
-    argparser = create_argparser(definitions, description, epilog)
-    ns = argparser.parse_args(args, namespace=namespace)
-
-    return normalize_config(Config(ns, definitions), cmdline=True, file=True)
-
-
-def parse_config(
-    definitions: Definitions,
-    description: str,
-    epilog: str,
-    config_path: pathlib.Path,
-    args: list[str] | None = None,
-) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
-    file_options, success = parse_file(definitions, config_path)
-    cmdline_options = parse_cmdline(
-        definitions, description, epilog, args, get_namespace(file_options, defaults=False),
-    )
-
-    final_options = normalize_config(cmdline_options, file=True, cmdline=True)
-    return (final_options, success)
-
-
-class Manager:
-    """docstring for Manager"""
-
-    def __init__(self, description: str = '', epilog: str = '', definitions: Definitions | Config[T] | None = None):
-        # This one is never used, it just makes MyPy happy
-        self.argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilog)
-        self.description = description
-        self.epilog = epilog
-
-        if isinstance(definitions, Config):
-            self.definitions = definitions.definitions
-        else:
-            self.definitions = defaultdict(lambda: Group(False, {}), definitions or {})
-
-        self.exclusive_group = False
-        self.current_group_name = ''
-
-    def create_argparser(self) -> None:
-        self.argparser = create_argparser(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog)
-
-    def add_setting(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        """Takes passes all arguments through to `Setting`, `group` and `exclusive` are already set"""
-        setting = Setting(*args, **kwargs, group=self.current_group_name, exclusive=self.exclusive_group)
-        self.definitions[self.current_group_name].v[setting.dest] = setting
-
-    def add_group(self, name: str, group: Callable[[Manager], None], exclusive_group: bool = False) -> None:
-        """
-        The primary way to add define options on this class.
-
-        Args:
-            name: The name of the group to define
-            group: A function that registers individual options using :meth:`add_setting`
-            exclusive_group: If this group is an argparse exclusive group
-        """
-        if self.current_group_name != '':
-            raise ValueError('Sub groups are not allowed')
-        self.current_group_name = name
-        self.exclusive_group = exclusive_group
-        group(self)
-        self.current_group_name = ''
-        self.exclusive_group = False
-
-    def add_persistent_group(self, name: str, group: Callable[[Manager], None], exclusive_group: bool = False) -> None:
-        """
-        The primary way to add define options on this class.
-        This group allows existing values to persist even if there is no corresponding setting defined for it.
-
-        Args:
-            name: The name of the group to define
-            group: A function that registers individual options using :meth:`add_setting`
-            exclusive_group: If this group is an argparse exclusive group
-        """
-        if self.current_group_name != '':
-            raise ValueError('Sub groups are not allowed')
-        self.current_group_name = name
-        self.exclusive_group = exclusive_group
-        if self.current_group_name in self.definitions:
-            if not self.definitions[self.current_group_name].persistent:
-                raise ValueError('Group already existis and is not persistent')
-        else:
-            self.definitions[self.current_group_name] = Group(True, {})
-        group(self)
-        self.current_group_name = ''
-        self.exclusive_group = False
-
-    def exit(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> NoReturn:
-        """See :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser`"""
-        self.argparser.exit(*args, **kwargs)
-        raise SystemExit(99)
-
-    def defaults(self) -> Config[Values]:
-        return defaults(self.definitions)
-
-    def clean_config(
-        self, options: T | Config[T], file: bool = False, cmdline: bool = False,
-    ) -> Values:
-        if isinstance(options, Config):
-            config = options
-        else:
-            config = Config(options, self.definitions)
-        return clean_config(config, file=file, cmdline=cmdline)
-
-    def normalize_config(
-        self,
-        options: T | Config[T],
-        file: bool = False,
-        cmdline: bool = False,
-        defaults: bool = True,
-    ) -> Config[Values]:
-        if isinstance(options, Config):
-            config = options
-        else:
-            config = Config(options, self.definitions)
-        return normalize_config(
-            config=config,
-            file=file,
-            cmdline=cmdline,
-            defaults=defaults,
-        )
-
-    @overload
-    def get_namespace(self, options: Values, defaults: bool = True) -> Namespace:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    def get_namespace(self, options: Config[Values], defaults: bool = True) -> Config[Namespace]:
-        ...
-
-    def get_namespace(self, options: Values | Config[Values], defaults: bool = True) -> Config[Namespace] | Namespace:
-        if isinstance(options, Config):
-            self.definitions = options[1]
-            return get_namespace(options, defaults=defaults)
-        else:
-            return get_namespace(Config(options, self.definitions), defaults=defaults)
-
-    def parse_file(self, filename: pathlib.Path) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
-        return parse_file(filename=filename, definitions=self.definitions)
-
-    def save_file(self, options: T | Config[T], filename: pathlib.Path) -> bool:
-        if isinstance(options, Config):
-            return save_file(options, filename=filename)
-        return save_file(Config(options, self.definitions), filename=filename)
-
-    def parse_cmdline(self, args: list[str] | None = None, namespace: ns[T] = None) -> Config[Values]:
-        return parse_cmdline(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog, args, namespace)
-
-    def parse_config(self, config_path: pathlib.Path, args: list[str] | None = None) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
-        return parse_config(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog, config_path, args)
-
-
-def example(manager: Manager) -> None:
-    manager.add_setting(
-        '--hello',
-        default='world',
-    )
-    manager.add_setting(
-        '--save', '-s',
-        default=False,
-        action='store_true',
-        file=False,
-    )
-    manager.add_setting(
-        '--verbose', '-v',
-        default=False,
-        action=BooleanOptionalAction,  # Added in Python 3.9
-    )
-
-
-def persistent(manager: Manager) -> None:
-    manager.add_setting(
-        '--test', '-t',
-        default=False,
-        action=BooleanOptionalAction,  # Added in Python 3.9
-    )
-
-
-def _main(args: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
-    settings_path = pathlib.Path('./settings.json')
-    manager = Manager(description='This is an example', epilog='goodbye!')
-
-    manager.add_group('example', example)
-    manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', persistent)
-
-    file_config, success = manager.parse_file(settings_path)
-    file_namespace = manager.get_namespace(file_config)
-
-    merged_config = manager.parse_cmdline(args=args, namespace=file_namespace)
-    merged_namespace = manager.get_namespace(merged_config)
-
-    print(f'Hello {merged_config.values["example"]["hello"]}')  # noqa: T201
-    if merged_namespace.values.example_save:
-        if manager.save_file(merged_config, settings_path):
-            print(f'Successfully saved settings to {settings_path}')  # noqa: T201
-        else:
-            print(f'Failed saving settings to a {settings_path}')  # noqa: T201
-    if merged_namespace.values.example_verbose:
-        print(f'{merged_namespace.values.example_verbose=}')  # noqa: T201
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    _main()

settngs/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import copy
+import json
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+from argparse import Namespace
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Callable
+from typing import cast
+from typing import Dict
+from typing import Generic
+from typing import NoReturn
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TypeVar
+from typing import Union
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import NamedTuple
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import List
+    from typing import _GenericAlias as types_GenericAlias
+
+    def removeprefix(self: str, prefix: str, /) -> str:
+        if self.startswith(prefix):
+            return self[len(prefix):]
+        else:
+            return self[:]
+
+    class BooleanOptionalAction(argparse.Action):
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            option_strings,
+            dest,
+            default=None,
+            type=None,  # noqa: A002
+            choices=None,
+            required=False,
+            help=None,  # noqa: A002
+            metavar=None,
+        ):
+
+            _option_strings = []
+            for option_string in option_strings:
+                _option_strings.append(option_string)
+
+                if option_string.startswith('--'):
+                    option_string = '--no-' + option_string[2:]
+                    _option_strings.append(option_string)
+
+            if help is not None and default is not None and default is not argparse.SUPPRESS:
+                help += ' (default: %(default)s)'
+
+            super().__init__(
+                option_strings=_option_strings,
+                dest=dest,
+                nargs=0,
+                default=default,
+                type=type,
+                choices=choices,
+                required=required,
+                help=help,
+                metavar=metavar,
+            )
+
+        def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):  # dead: disable
+            if option_string in self.option_strings:
+                setattr(namespace, self.dest, not option_string.startswith('--no-'))
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    List = list
+    from types import GenericAlias as types_GenericAlias
+    from argparse import BooleanOptionalAction
+    removeprefix = str.removeprefix
+
+
+def _isnamedtupleinstance(x: Any) -> bool:
+    t = type(x)
+    b = t.__bases__
+
+    if len(b) != 1 or b[0] != tuple:
+        return False
+
+    f = getattr(t, '_fields', None)
+    if not isinstance(f, tuple):
+        return False
+
+    return all(isinstance(n, str) for n in f)
+
+
+class Setting:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        # From argparse
+        *names: str,
+        action: type[argparse.Action] | str | None = None,
+        nargs: str | int | None = None,
+        const: Any | None = None,
+        default: Any | None = None,
+        type: Callable[..., Any] | None = None,  # noqa: A002
+        choices: Sequence[Any] | None = None,
+        required: bool | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,  # noqa: A002
+        metavar: str | None = None,
+        dest: str | None = None,
+        # ComicTagger
+        display_name: str = '',
+        cmdline: bool = True,
+        file: bool = True,
+        group: str = '',
+        exclusive: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """
+        Attributes:
+        setting_name:     This is the name used to retrieve this Setting object from a `Config` Definitions dictionary.
+                          This only differs from dest when a custom dest is given
+
+        Args:
+            *names:       Passed directly to argparse
+            action:       Passed directly to argparse
+            nargs:        Passed directly to argparse
+            const:        Passed directly to argparse
+            default:      Passed directly to argparse
+            type:         Passed directly to argparse
+            choices:      Passed directly to argparse
+            required:     Passed directly to argparse
+            help:         Passed directly to argparse
+            metavar:      Passed directly to argparse, defaults to `dest` upper-cased
+            dest:         This is the name used to retrieve the value from a `Config` object as a dictionary.
+                          Default to `setting_name`.
+            display_name: This is not used by settngs. This is a human-readable name to be used when generating a GUI.
+                          Defaults to `dest`.
+            cmdline:      If this setting can be set via the commandline
+            file:         If this setting can be set via a file
+            group:        The group this option is in.
+                          This is an internal argument and should only be set by settngs
+            exclusive:    If this setting is exclusive to other settings in this group.
+                          This is an internal argument and should only be set by settngs
+        """
+        if not names:
+            raise ValueError('names must be specified')
+        # We prefix the destination name used by argparse so that there are no conflicts
+        # Argument names will still cause an exception if there is a conflict e.g. if '-f' is defined twice
+        self.internal_name, setting_name, dest, self.flag = self.get_dest(group, names, dest)
+        args: Sequence[str] = names
+
+        # We then also set the metavar so that '--config' in the group runtime shows as 'CONFIG' instead of 'RUNTIME_CONFIG'
+        if not metavar and action not in ('store_true', 'store_false', 'count'):
+            metavar = dest.upper()
+
+        # If we are not a flag, no '--' or '-' in front
+        # we use internal_name as argparse sets dest to args[0]
+        if not self.flag:
+            args = tuple((self.internal_name, *names[1:]))
+
+        self.action = action
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.const = const
+        self.default = default
+        self.type = type
+        self.choices = choices
+        self.required = required
+        self.help = help
+        self.metavar = metavar
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.setting_name = setting_name
+        self.cmdline = cmdline
+        self.file = file
+        self.argparse_args = args
+        self.group = group
+        self.exclusive = exclusive
+        self.display_name = display_name or dest
+
+        self.argparse_kwargs = {
+            'action': action,
+            'nargs': nargs,
+            'const': const,
+            'default': default,
+            'type': type,
+            'choices': choices,
+            'required': required,
+            'help': help,
+            'metavar': metavar,
+            'dest': self.internal_name if self.flag else None,
+        }
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+        return f'Setting({self.argparse_args}, type={self.type}, file={self.file}, cmdline={self.cmdline}, kwargs={self.argparse_kwargs})'
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+        return self.__str__()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Setting):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+    def _guess_type(self) -> type | str | None:
+        if self.type is None and self.action is None:
+            if self.cmdline:
+                if self.nargs in ('+', '*') or isinstance(self.nargs, int) and self.nargs > 1:
+                    return List[str]
+                return str
+            else:
+                if not self.cmdline and self.default is not None:
+                    if not isinstance(self.default, str) and not _isnamedtupleinstance(self.default) and isinstance(self.default, Sequence) and self.default and self.default[0]:
+                        try:
+                            return cast(type, type(self.default)[type(self.default[0])])
+                        except Exception:
+                            ...
+                    return type(self.default)
+                return 'Any'
+
+        if isinstance(self.type, type):
+            return self.type
+
+        if self.type is not None:
+            type_hints = typing.get_type_hints(self.type)
+            if 'return' in type_hints:
+                t: type | str = type_hints['return']
+                return t
+            if self.default is not None:
+                if not isinstance(self.default, str) and not _isnamedtupleinstance(self.default) and isinstance(self.default, Sequence) and self.default and self.default[0]:
+                    try:
+                        return cast(type, type(self.default)[type(self.default[0])])
+                    except Exception:
+                        ...
+                return type(self.default)
+            return 'Any'
+
+        if self.action in ('store_true', 'store_false', BooleanOptionalAction):
+            return bool
+
+        if self.action in ('store_const',):
+            return type(self.const)
+
+        if self.action in ('count',):
+            return int
+
+        if self.action in ('append', 'extend'):
+            return List[str]
+
+        if self.action in ('append_const',):
+            return list  # list[type(self.const)]
+
+        if self.action in ('help', 'version'):
+            return None
+        return 'Any'
+
+    def get_dest(self, prefix: str, names: Sequence[str], dest: str | None) -> tuple[str, str, str, bool]:
+        setting_name = None
+        flag = False
+
+        prefix = sanitize_name(prefix)
+        for n in names:
+            if n.startswith('--'):
+                flag = True
+                setting_name = sanitize_name(n)
+                break
+            if n.startswith('-'):
+                flag = True
+
+        if setting_name is None:
+            setting_name = names[0]
+        if dest:
+            dest_name = dest
+        else:
+            dest_name = setting_name
+        if not dest_name.isidentifier():
+            raise Exception(f'Cannot use {dest_name} in a namespace')
+
+        internal_name = f'{prefix}__{dest_name}'.lstrip('_')
+        return internal_name, setting_name, dest_name, flag
+
+    def filter_argparse_kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for k, v in self.argparse_kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+    def to_argparse(self) -> tuple[Sequence[str], dict[str, Any]]:
+        return self.argparse_args, self.filter_argparse_kwargs()
+
+
+class TypedNS:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        raise TypeError('TypedNS cannot be instantiated')
+
+
+class Group(NamedTuple):
+    persistent: bool
+    v: dict[str, Setting]
+
+
+Values = Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
+Definitions = Dict[str, Group]
+
+T = TypeVar('T', bound=Union[Values, Namespace, TypedNS])
+
+
+class Config(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
+    values: T
+    definitions: Definitions
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    ArgParser = Union[argparse._MutuallyExclusiveGroup, argparse._ArgumentGroup, argparse.ArgumentParser]
+    ns = Namespace | TypedNS | Config[T] | None
+
+
+def generate_ns(definitions: Definitions) -> str:
+    initial_imports = ['from __future__ import annotations', '', 'import settngs', '']
+    imports: Sequence[str] | set[str]
+    imports = set()
+
+    attributes = []
+    for group in definitions.values():
+        for setting in group.v.values():
+            t = setting._guess_type()
+            if t is None:
+                continue
+            # Default to any
+            type_name = 'Any'
+
+            # Take a string as is
+            if isinstance(t, str):
+                type_name = t
+            # Handle generic aliases eg dict[str, str] instead of dict
+            elif isinstance(t, types_GenericAlias):
+                type_name = str(t)
+            # Handle standard type objects
+            elif isinstance(t, type):
+                type_name = t.__name__
+                # Builtin types don't need an import
+                if t.__module__ != 'builtins':
+                    imports.add(f'import {t.__module__}')
+                    # Use the full imported name
+                    type_name = t.__module__ + '.' + type_name
+
+            # Expand Any to typing.Any
+            if type_name == 'Any':
+                type_name = 'typing.Any'
+
+            attribute = f'    {setting.internal_name}: {type_name}'
+            if attribute not in attributes:
+                attributes.append(attribute)
+        # Add a blank line between groups
+        if attributes and attributes[-1] != '':
+            attributes.append('')
+
+    ns = 'class settngs_namespace(settngs.TypedNS):\n'
+    # Add a '...' expression if there are no attributes
+    if not attributes or all(x == '' for x in attributes):
+        ns += '    ...\n'
+        attributes = ['']
+
+    # Add the tying import before extra imports
+    if 'typing.' in '\n'.join(attributes):
+        initial_imports.append('import typing')
+
+    # Remove the possible duplicate typing import
+    imports = sorted(list(imports - {'import typing'}))
+
+    # Merge the imports the ns class definition and the attributes
+    return '\n'.join(initial_imports + imports) + '\n\n\n' + ns + '\n'.join(attributes)
+
+
+def sanitize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    return re.sub('[' + re.escape(' -_,.!@#$%^&*(){}[]\',."<>;:') + ']+', '_', name).strip('_')
+
+
+def get_option(options: Values | Namespace | TypedNS, setting: Setting) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+    """
+    Helper function to retrieve the value for a setting and if the current value is the default value
+
+    Args:
+        options: Dictionary or namespace of options
+        setting: The setting object describing the value to retrieve
+    """
+    if isinstance(options, dict):
+        value = options.get(setting.group, {}).get(setting.dest, setting.default)
+    else:
+        value = getattr(options, setting.internal_name, setting.default)
+    return value, value == setting.default
+
+
+def get_options(config: Config[T], group: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Helper function to retrieve all of the values for a group. Only to be used on persistent groups.
+
+    Args:
+        config: Dictionary or namespace of options
+        group: The name of the group to retrieve
+    """
+    if isinstance(config[0], dict):
+        values: dict[str, Any] = config[0].get(group, {}).copy()
+    else:
+        internal_names = {x.internal_name: x for x in config[1][group].v.values()}
+        values = {}
+        v = vars(config[0])
+        for name, value in v.items():
+            if name.startswith(f'{group}_'):
+                if name in internal_names:
+                    values[internal_names[name].dest] = value
+                else:
+                    values[removeprefix(name, f'{group}').lstrip('_')] = value
+    return values
+
+
+def get_groups(values: Values | Namespace | TypedNS) -> list[str]:
+    if isinstance(values, dict):
+        return [x[0] for x in values.items() if isinstance(x[1], dict)]
+    if isinstance(values, Namespace):
+        groups = set()
+        for name in values.__dict__:
+            if '__' in name:
+                group, _, _ = name.partition('__')
+                groups.add(group.replace('_', ' '))
+            else:
+                groups.add('')
+        return list(groups)
+    return []
+
+
+def _get_internal_definitions(config: Config[T], persistent: bool) -> Definitions:
+    definitions = copy.deepcopy(dict(config.definitions))
+    if persistent:
+        for group_name in get_groups(config.values):
+            if group_name not in definitions:
+                definitions[group_name] = Group(True, {})
+    return defaultdict(lambda: Group(False, {}), definitions)
+
+
+def normalize_config(
+    config: Config[T],
+    file: bool = False,
+    cmdline: bool = False,
+    default: bool = True,
+    persistent: bool = True,
+) -> Config[Values]:
+    """
+    Creates an `OptionValues` dictionary with setting definitions taken from `self.definitions`
+    and values taken from `raw_options` and `raw_options_2' if defined.
+    Values are assigned so if the value is a dictionary mutating it will mutate the original.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The Config object to normalize options from
+        file: Include file options
+        cmdline: Include cmdline options
+        default: Include default values in the returned Config object
+        persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups and unknown groups
+    """
+
+    if not file and not cmdline:
+        raise ValueError('Invalid parameters: you must set either file or cmdline to True')
+
+    normalized: Values = {}
+    options = config.values
+    definitions = _get_internal_definitions(config=config, persistent=persistent)
+    for group_name, group in definitions.items():
+        group_options = {}
+        if group.persistent and persistent:
+            group_options = get_options(Config(options, definitions), group_name)
+        for setting_name, setting in group.v.items():
+            if (setting.cmdline and cmdline) or (setting.file and file):
+                # Ensures the option exists with the default if not already set
+                value, is_default = get_option(options, setting)
+                if not is_default or default:
+                    # User has set a custom value or has requested the default value
+                    group_options[setting.dest] = value
+                elif setting.dest in group_options:
+                    # default values have been requested to be removed
+                    del group_options[setting.dest]
+            elif setting.dest in group_options:
+                # Setting type (file or cmdline) has not been requested and should be removed for persistent groups
+                del group_options[setting.dest]
+        normalized[group_name] = group_options
+
+    return Config(normalized, config.definitions)
+
+
+def parse_file(definitions: Definitions, filename: pathlib.Path) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
+    """
+    Helper function to read options from a json dictionary from a file.
+    This is purely a convenience function.
+    If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+    Args:
+        definitions: A set of setting definitions. See `Config.definitions` and `Manager.definitions`
+        filename: A pathlib.Path object to read a json dictionary from
+    """
+    options: Values = {}
+    success = True
+    if filename.exists():
+        try:
+            with filename.open() as file:
+                opts = json.load(file)
+            if isinstance(opts, dict):
+                options = opts
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise Exception('Loaded file is not a JSON Dictionary')
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.exception('Failed to load config file: %s', filename)
+            success = False
+    else:
+        logger.info('No config file found')
+        success = True
+
+    return normalize_config(Config(options, definitions), file=True), success
+
+
+def clean_config(
+    config: Config[T], file: bool = False, cmdline: bool = False, default: bool = True, persistent: bool = True,
+) -> Values:
+    """
+    Normalizes options and then cleans up empty groups. The returned value is probably JSON serializable.
+    Args:
+        config: The Config object to normalize options from
+        file: Include file options
+        cmdline: Include cmdline options
+        default: Include default values in the returned Config object
+        persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups and unknown groups
+    """
+
+    cleaned, _ = normalize_config(config, file=file, cmdline=cmdline, default=default, persistent=persistent)
+    for group in list(cleaned.keys()):
+        if not cleaned[group]:
+            del cleaned[group]
+    return cleaned
+
+
+def defaults(definitions: Definitions) -> Config[Values]:
+    return normalize_config(Config(Namespace(), definitions), file=True, cmdline=True)
+
+
+def get_namespace(
+    config: Config[T], file: bool = False, cmdline: bool = False, default: bool = True, persistent: bool = True,
+) -> Config[Namespace]:
+    """
+    Returns a Namespace object with options in the form "{group_name}_{setting_name}"
+    `config` should already be normalized or be a `Config[Namespace]`.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The Config object to turn into a namespace
+        file: Include file options
+        cmdline: Include cmdline options
+        default: Include default values in the returned Config object
+        persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups and unknown groups
+    """
+    if not file and not cmdline:
+        raise ValueError('Invalid parameters: you must set either file or cmdline to True')
+
+    options: Values
+    definitions = _get_internal_definitions(config=config, persistent=persistent)
+    if isinstance(config.values, dict):
+        options = config.values
+    else:
+        cfg = normalize_config(config, file=file, cmdline=cmdline, default=default, persistent=persistent)
+        options = cfg.values
+    namespace = Namespace()
+    for group_name, group in definitions.items():
+
+        group_options = get_options(Config(options, definitions), group_name)
+        if group.persistent and persistent:
+            for name, value in group_options.items():
+                if name in group.v:
+                    setting_file, setting_cmdline = group.v[name].file, group.v[name].cmdline
+                    value, is_default = get_option(options, group.v[name])
+                    internal_name = group.v[name].internal_name
+                else:
+                    setting_file = setting_cmdline = True
+                    internal_name, is_default = f'{group_name}__' + sanitize_name(name), None
+
+                if ((setting_cmdline and cmdline) or (setting_file and file)) and (not is_default or default):
+                    setattr(namespace, internal_name, value)
+
+        for setting in group.v.values():
+            if (setting.cmdline and cmdline) or (setting.file and file):
+                value, is_default = get_option(options, setting)
+
+                if not is_default or default:
+                    # User has set a custom value or has requested the default value
+                    setattr(namespace, setting.internal_name, value)
+    return Config(namespace, config.definitions)
+
+
+def save_file(
+    config: Config[T], filename: pathlib.Path,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Helper function to save options from a json dictionary to a file
+    This is purely a convenience function.
+    If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The options to save to a json dictionary
+        filename: A pathlib.Path object to save the json dictionary to
+    """
+    file_options = clean_config(config, file=True)
+    try:
+        if not filename.exists():
+            filename.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
+            filename.touch()
+
+        json_str = json.dumps(file_options, indent=2)
+        filename.write_text(json_str + '\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Failed to save config file: %s', filename)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def create_argparser(definitions: Definitions, description: str, epilog: str) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """Creates an :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` from all cmdline settings"""
+    groups: dict[str, ArgParser] = {}
+    argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=description, epilog=epilog, formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    for group in definitions.values():
+        for setting in group.v.values():
+            if setting.cmdline:
+                argparse_args, argparse_kwargs = setting.to_argparse()
+                current_group: ArgParser = argparser
+                if setting.group:
+                    if setting.group not in groups:
+                        if setting.exclusive:
+                            groups[setting.group] = argparser.add_argument_group(
+                                setting.group,
+                            ).add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+                        else:
+                            groups[setting.group] = argparser.add_argument_group(setting.group)
+
+                    # Hard coded exception for positional arguments
+                    # Ensures that the option shows at the top of the help output
+                    if 'runtime' in setting.group.casefold() and setting.nargs == '*' and not setting.flag:
+                        current_group = argparser
+                    else:
+                        current_group = groups[setting.group]
+                current_group.add_argument(*argparse_args, **argparse_kwargs)
+    return argparser
+
+
+def parse_cmdline(
+    definitions: Definitions,
+    description: str,
+    epilog: str,
+    args: list[str] | None = None,
+    config: ns[T] = None,
+) -> Config[Values]:
+    """
+    Creates an `argparse.ArgumentParser` from cmdline settings in `self.definitions`.
+    `args` and `namespace` are passed to `argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args`
+
+    Args:
+        definitions: A set of setting definitions. See `Config.definitions` and `Manager.definitions`
+        description: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser
+        epilog: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser
+        args: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+        config: The Config or Namespace object to use as a Namespace passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+    """
+    namespace: Namespace | TypedNS | None = None
+    if isinstance(config, Config):
+        if isinstance(config.values, Namespace):
+            namespace = config.values
+        else:
+            namespace = get_namespace(config, file=True, cmdline=True, default=False)[0]
+    else:
+        namespace = config
+
+    argparser = create_argparser(definitions, description, epilog)
+    ns = argparser.parse_args(args, namespace=namespace)
+
+    return normalize_config(Config(ns, definitions), cmdline=True, file=True)
+
+
+def parse_config(
+    definitions: Definitions,
+    description: str,
+    epilog: str,
+    config_path: pathlib.Path,
+    args: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
+    """
+    Convenience function to parse options from a json file and passes the resulting Config object to parse_cmdline.
+    This is purely a convenience function.
+    If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+    Args:
+        definitions: A set of setting definitions. See `Config.definitions` and `Manager.definitions`
+        description: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser
+        epilog: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser
+        config_path: A `pathlib.Path` object
+        args: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+    """
+    file_options, success = parse_file(definitions, config_path)
+    cmdline_options = parse_cmdline(
+        definitions, description, epilog, args, file_options,
+    )
+
+    final_options = normalize_config(cmdline_options, file=True, cmdline=True)
+    return final_options, success
+
+
+class Manager:
+    """docstring for Manager"""
+
+    def __init__(self, description: str = '', epilog: str = '', definitions: Definitions | Config[T] | None = None):
+        # This one is never used, it just makes MyPy happy
+        self.argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilog)
+        self.description = description
+        self.epilog = epilog
+
+        self.definitions: Definitions
+        if isinstance(definitions, Config):
+            self.definitions = defaultdict(lambda: Group(False, {}), dict(definitions.definitions) or {})
+        else:
+            self.definitions = defaultdict(lambda: Group(False, {}), dict(definitions or {}))
+
+        self.exclusive_group = False
+        self.current_group_name = ''
+
+    def _get_config(self, c: T | Config[T]) -> Config[T]:
+        if not isinstance(c, Config):
+            return Config(c, self.definitions)
+        return c
+
+    def generate_ns(self) -> str:
+        return generate_ns(self.definitions)
+
+    def create_argparser(self) -> None:
+        self.argparser = create_argparser(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog)
+
+    def add_setting(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Passes all arguments through to `Setting`, `group` and `exclusive` are already set"""
+
+        setting = Setting(*args, **kwargs, group=self.current_group_name, exclusive=self.exclusive_group)
+        self.definitions[self.current_group_name].v[setting.setting_name] = setting
+
+    def add_group(self, name: str, group: Callable[[Manager], None], exclusive_group: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        The primary way to add define options on this class.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the group to define
+            group: A function that registers individual options using :meth:`add_setting`
+            exclusive_group: If this group is an argparse exclusive group
+        """
+
+        if self.current_group_name != '':
+            raise ValueError('Sub groups are not allowed')
+        self.current_group_name = name
+        self.exclusive_group = exclusive_group
+        group(self)
+        self.current_group_name = ''
+        self.exclusive_group = False
+
+    def add_persistent_group(self, name: str, group: Callable[[Manager], None], exclusive_group: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        The primary way to add define options on this class.
+        This group allows existing values to persist even if there is no corresponding setting defined for it.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the group to define
+            group: A function that registers individual options using :meth:`add_setting`
+            exclusive_group: If this group is an argparse exclusive group
+        """
+
+        if self.current_group_name != '':
+            raise ValueError('Sub groups are not allowed')
+        self.current_group_name = name
+        self.exclusive_group = exclusive_group
+        if self.current_group_name in self.definitions:
+            if not self.definitions[self.current_group_name].persistent:
+                raise ValueError('Group already exists and is not persistent')
+        else:
+            self.definitions[self.current_group_name] = Group(True, {})
+        group(self)
+        self.current_group_name = ''
+        self.exclusive_group = False
+
+    def exit(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> NoReturn:
+        """See :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser`"""
+        self.argparser.exit(*args, **kwargs)
+        raise SystemExit(99)
+
+    def defaults(self) -> Config[Values]:
+        return defaults(self.definitions)
+
+    def clean_config(
+        self, config: T | Config[T], file: bool = False, cmdline: bool = False,
+    ) -> Values:
+        """
+        Normalizes options and then cleans up empty groups. The returned value is probably JSON serializable.
+        Args:
+            config: The Config object to normalize options from
+            file: Include file options
+            cmdline: Include cmdline options
+        """
+
+        return clean_config(self._get_config(config), file=file, cmdline=cmdline)
+
+    def normalize_config(
+        self,
+        config: T | Config[T],
+        file: bool = False,
+        cmdline: bool = False,
+        default: bool = True,
+        persistent: bool = True,
+    ) -> Config[Values]:
+        """
+        Creates an `OptionValues` dictionary with setting definitions taken from `self.definitions`
+        and values taken from `raw_options` and `raw_options_2' if defined.
+        Values are assigned so if the value is a dictionary mutating it will mutate the original.
+
+        Args:
+            config: The Config object to normalize options from
+            file: Include file options
+            cmdline: Include cmdline options
+            default: Include default values in the returned Config object
+            persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups and unknown groups
+        """
+
+        return normalize_config(
+            config=self._get_config(config),
+            file=file,
+            cmdline=cmdline,
+            default=default,
+            persistent=persistent,
+        )
+
+    def get_namespace(
+        self,
+        config: T | Config[T],
+        file: bool = False,
+        cmdline: bool = False,
+        default: bool = True,
+        persistent: bool = True,
+    ) -> Config[Namespace]:
+        """
+        Returns a Namespace object with options in the form "{group_name}_{setting_name}"
+        `options` should already be normalized or be a `Config[Namespace]`.
+        Throws an exception if the internal_name is duplicated
+
+        Args:
+            config: The Config object to turn into a namespace
+            file: Include file options
+            cmdline: Include cmdline options
+            default: Include default values in the returned Config object
+            persistent: Include unknown keys in persistent groups and unknown groups
+        """
+
+        return get_namespace(
+            self._get_config(config), file=file, cmdline=cmdline, default=default, persistent=persistent,
+        )
+
+    def parse_file(self, filename: pathlib.Path) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
+        """
+        Helper function to read options from a json dictionary from a file.
+        This is purely a convenience function.
+        If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+        Args:
+            filename: A pathlib.Path object to read a JSON dictionary from
+        """
+
+        return parse_file(filename=filename, definitions=self.definitions)
+
+    def save_file(self, config: T | Config[T], filename: pathlib.Path) -> bool:
+        """
+        Helper function to save options from a json dictionary to a file.
+        This is purely a convenience function.
+        If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+        Args:
+            config: The options to save to a json dictionary
+            filename: A pathlib.Path object to save the json dictionary to
+        """
+
+        return save_file(self._get_config(config), filename=filename)
+
+    def parse_cmdline(self, args: list[str] | None = None, config: ns[T] = None) -> Config[Values]:
+        """
+        Creates an `argparse.ArgumentParser` from cmdline settings in `self.definitions`.
+        `args` and `config` are passed to `argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args`
+
+        Args:
+            args: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+            config: The Config or Namespace object to use as a Namespace passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+        """
+        return parse_cmdline(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog, args, config)
+
+    def parse_config(self, config_path: pathlib.Path, args: list[str] | None = None) -> tuple[Config[Values], bool]:
+        """
+        Convenience function to parse options from a json file and passes the resulting Config object to parse_cmdline.
+        This is purely a convenience function.
+        If _anything_ more advanced is desired this should be handled by the application.
+
+        Args:
+            config_path: A `pathlib.Path` object
+            args: Passed to argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args
+        """
+        return parse_config(self.definitions, self.description, self.epilog, config_path, args)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Setting',
+    'TypedNS',
+    'Group',
+    'Values',
+    'Definitions',
+    'Config',
+    'generate_ns',
+    'sanitize_name',
+    'get_option',
+    'get_options',
+    'normalize_config',
+    'parse_file',
+    'clean_config',
+    'defaults',
+    'get_namespace',
+    'save_file',
+    'create_argparser',
+    'parse_cmdline',
+    'parse_config',
+    'Manager',
+]
+
+
+def example_group(manager: Manager) -> None:
+    manager.add_setting(
+        '--hello',
+        default='world',
+    )
+    manager.add_setting(
+        '--save', '-s',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        file=False,
+    )
+    manager.add_setting(
+        '--verbose', '-v',
+        default=False,
+        action=BooleanOptionalAction,  # Added in Python 3.9
+    )
+
+
+def persistent_group(manager: Manager) -> None:
+    manager.add_setting(
+        '--test', '-t',
+        default=False,
+        action=BooleanOptionalAction,  # Added in Python 3.9
+    )
+
+
+def _main(args: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+    settings_path = pathlib.Path('./settings.json')
+    manager = Manager(description='This is an example', epilog='goodbye!')
+
+    manager.add_group('Example Group', example_group)
+    manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', persistent_group)
+
+    file_config, success = manager.parse_file(settings_path)
+    file_namespace = manager.get_namespace(file_config, file=True, cmdline=True)
+
+    merged_config = manager.parse_cmdline(args=args, config=file_namespace)
+    merged_namespace = manager.get_namespace(merged_config, file=True, cmdline=True)
+
+    print(f'Hello {merged_config.values["Example Group"]["hello"]}')  # noqa: T201
+    if merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__save:
+        if manager.save_file(merged_config, settings_path):
+            print(f'Successfully saved settings to {settings_path}')  # noqa: T201
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            print(f'Failed saving settings to a {settings_path}')  # noqa: T201
+    if merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose:
+        print(f'{merged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=}')  # noqa: T201
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    _main()

settngs/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from settngs import _main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    _main()

setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [metadata]
 name = settngs
-version = 0.6.0
 description = A library for managing settings
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -17,16 +16,71 @@ classifiers =
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
 
 [options]
-py_modules = settngs
+packages = find:
 install_requires =
-    typing-extensions;python_version < '3.11'
+    typing-extensions>=4.3.0;python_version < '3.11'
 python_requires = >=3.8
+include_package_data = True
 
 [options.packages.find]
 exclude =
     tests*
     testing*
 
+[options.package_data]
+settngs = py.typed
+
+[tox:tox]
+envlist = py3.8,py3.9,py3.10,py3.11,pypy3
+
+[testenv]
+deps = -rrequirements-dev.txt
+commands =
+    coverage erase
+    coverage run -m pytest {posargs:tests}
+    coverage report
+
+[testenv:wheel]
+description = Generate wheel and tar.gz
+labels =
+    release
+    build
+skip_install = true
+deps =
+    build
+commands_pre =
+    -python -c 'import shutil,pathlib; \
+    shutil.rmtree("./build/", ignore_errors=True); \
+    shutil.rmtree("./dist/", ignore_errors=True)'
+commands =
+    python -m build
+
+[testenv:pypi-upload]
+description = Upload wheel to PyPi
+platform = Linux
+labels =
+    release
+skip_install = true
+depends = wheel
+deps =
+    twine
+passenv =
+    TWINE_*
+setenv =
+    TWINE_NON_INTERACTIVE=true
+commands =
+    python -m twine upload dist/*.whl dist/*.tar.gz
+
+[pep8]
+ignore = E265,E501
+max_line_length = 120
+
+[flake8]
+extend-ignore = E501, A003
+max_line_length = 120
+per-file-ignores =
+    *_test.py: LN001
+
 [coverage:run]
 plugins = covdefaults
 
@@ -36,6 +90,7 @@ fail_under = 95
 [mypy]
 check_untyped_defs = true
 disallow_any_generics = true
+warn_return_any = true
 disallow_incomplete_defs = true
 disallow_untyped_defs = true
 no_implicit_optional = true
@@ -43,7 +98,9 @@ warn_redundant_casts = true
 warn_unused_ignores = true
 
 [mypy-testing.*]
+warn_return_any = false
 disallow_untyped_defs = false
 
 [mypy-tests.*]
+warn_return_any = false
 disallow_untyped_defs = false

testing/settngs.py

@@ -15,52 +15,52 @@ example: list[tuple[list[str], str, str]] = [
     (
         ['--hello', 'lordwelch', '-s'],
         'Hello lordwelch\nSuccessfully saved settings to settings.json\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         [],
         'Hello lordwelch\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['-v'],
-        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
+        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['-v', '-s'],
-        'Hello lordwelch\nSuccessfully saved settings to settings.json\nmerged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
+        'Hello lordwelch\nSuccessfully saved settings to settings.json\nmerged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         [],
-        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
+        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['manual settings.json'],
-        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.example_verbose=True\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
+        'Hello lordwelch\nmerged_namespace.values.Example_Group__verbose=True\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['--no-verbose', '-t'],
         'Hello lordwelch\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['--no-verbose', '-s', '-t'],
         'Hello lordwelch\nSuccessfully saved settings to settings.json\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": true,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": true,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         ['--hello', 'world', '--no-verbose', '--no-test', '-s'],
         'Hello world\nSuccessfully saved settings to settings.json\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "world",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "world",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
     (
         [],
         'Hello world\n',
-        '{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "world",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
+        '{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "world",\n    "verbose": false\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n',
     ),
 ]
 success = [
@@ -77,13 +77,15 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test_setting',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'dest': 'test_setting',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'display_name': 'test_setting',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_test_setting',  # Should almost always be "{group}_{dest}"
+            'internal_name': 'tst__test_setting',  # Should almost always be "{group}__{dest}"
             'metavar': 'TEST_SETTING',  # Set manually so argparse doesn't use TST_TEST
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ success = [
                 'choices': None,
                 'const': None,
                 'default': None,
-                'dest': 'tst_test_setting',
+                'dest': 'tst__test_setting',
                 'help': None,
                 'metavar': 'TEST_SETTING',
                 'nargs': None,
@@ -117,13 +119,15 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',  # setting_name is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'dest': 'testing',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'display_name': 'testing',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_testing',  # Should almost always be "{group}_{dest}"
+            'internal_name': 'tst__testing',  # Should almost always be "{group}__{dest}"
             'metavar': 'TESTING',  # Set manually so argparse doesn't use TST_TEST
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ success = [
                 'choices': None,
                 'const': None,
                 'default': None,
-                'dest': 'tst_testing',
+                'dest': 'tst__testing',
                 'help': None,
                 'metavar': 'TESTING',
                 'nargs': None,
@@ -156,13 +160,15 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'dest': 'test',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'display_name': 'test',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_test',  # Should almost always be "{group}_{dest}"
+            'internal_name': 'tst__test',  # Should almost always be "{group}__{dest}"
             'metavar': 'TEST',  # Set manually so argparse doesn't use TST_TEST
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ success = [
                 'choices': None,
                 'const': None,
                 'default': None,
-                'dest': 'tst_test',
+                'dest': 'tst__test',
                 'help': None,
                 'metavar': 'TEST',
                 'nargs': None,
@@ -196,13 +202,15 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'dest': 'test',  # dest is calculated by Setting and is not used by argparse
             'display_name': 'test',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_test',  # Should almost always be "{group}_{dest}"
+            'internal_name': 'tst__test',  # Should almost always be "{group}__{dest}"
             'metavar': None,  # store_true does not get a metavar
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
@@ -213,7 +221,7 @@ success = [
                 'choices': None,
                 'const': None,
                 'default': None,
-                'dest': 'tst_test',
+                'dest': 'tst__test',
                 'help': None,
                 'metavar': None,
                 'nargs': None,
@@ -235,13 +243,15 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',
             'dest': 'test',
             'display_name': 'test',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_test',
+            'internal_name': 'tst__test',
             'metavar': 'TEST',
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
@@ -252,7 +262,7 @@ success = [
                 'choices': None,
                 'const': None,
                 'default': None,
-                'dest': 'tst_test',
+                'dest': 'tst__test',
                 'help': None,
                 'metavar': 'TEST',
                 'nargs': None,
@@ -274,18 +284,20 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',
             'dest': 'test',
             'display_name': 'test',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': False,
             'group': 'tst',
             'help': None,
-            'internal_name': 'tst_test',
+            'internal_name': 'tst__test',
             'metavar': 'TEST',
             'nargs': None,
             'required': None,
             'type': None,
-            'argparse_args': ('tst_test',),
+            'argparse_args': ('tst__test',),
             'argparse_kwargs': {
                 'action': None,
                 'choices': None,
@@ -311,10 +323,12 @@ success = [
             'cmdline': True,
             'const': None,
             'default': None,
+            'setting_name': 'test',
             'dest': 'test',
             'display_name': 'test',  # defaults to dest
             'exclusive': False,
             'file': True,
+            'flag': True,
             'group': '',
             'help': None,
             'internal_name': 'test',  # No group, leading _ is stripped

tests/settngs_test.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import ast
 import json
+import pathlib
+import sys
 from collections import defaultdict
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -13,8 +18,44 @@ from testing.settngs import failure
 from testing.settngs import success
 
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):  # pragma: no cover
+    List = list
+    help_output = '''\
+usage: __main__.py [-h] [TEST ...]
+
+positional arguments:
+  TEST
+
+options:
+  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+'''
+elif sys.version_info < (3, 9):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import List
+    help_output = '''\
+usage: __main__.py [-h] [TEST [TEST ...]]
+
+positional arguments:
+  TEST
+
+optional arguments:
+  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+'''
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    List = list
+    help_output = '''\
+usage: __main__.py [-h] [TEST ...]
+
+positional arguments:
+  TEST
+
+optional arguments:
+  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+'''
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
-def settngs_manager():
+def settngs_manager() -> Generator[settngs.Manager, None, None]:
     manager = settngs.Manager()
     yield manager
 
@@ -53,76 +94,313 @@ def test_add_setting(settngs_manager):
     assert settngs_manager.add_setting('--test') is None
 
 
-def test_get_defaults(settngs_manager):
-    settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
-    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.defaults()
-    assert defaults['']['test'] == 'hello'
+def test_add_setting_invalid_name(settngs_manager):
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match='Cannot use test¥ in a namespace'):
+        assert settngs_manager.add_setting('--test¥') is None
 
 
-def test_get_namespace(settngs_manager):
-    settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
-    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults())
-    assert defaults.test == 'hello'
+def test_sub_group(settngs_manager):
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match='Sub groups are not allowed'):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello')))
+
+
+def test_sub_persistent_group(settngs_manager):
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match='Sub groups are not allowed'):
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_persistent_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello')))
+
+
+def test_redefine_persistent_group(settngs_manager):
+    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello'))
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match='Group already exists and is not persistent'):
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst', None)
+
+
+def test_exclusive_group(settngs_manager):
+    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'), exclusive_group=True)
+    settngs_manager.create_argparser()
+    args = settngs_manager.argparser.parse_args(['--test', 'never'])
+    assert args.tst__test == 'never'
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello'), exclusive_group=True)
+        settngs_manager.create_argparser()
+        args = settngs_manager.argparser.parse_args(['--test', 'never', '--test2', 'never'])
+
+
+def test_files_group(capsys, settngs_manager):
+    settngs_manager.add_group('runtime', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('test', default='hello', nargs='*'))
+    settngs_manager.create_argparser()
+    settngs_manager.argparser.print_help()
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert captured.out == help_output
+
+
+def test_setting_without_group(capsys, settngs_manager):
+    settngs_manager.add_setting('test', default='hello', nargs='*')
+    settngs_manager.create_argparser()
+    settngs_manager.argparser.print_help()
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert captured.out == help_output
+
+
+class TestValues:
+
+    def test_invalid_normalize(self, settngs_manager):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
+            settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
+            defaults, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config({}, file=False, cmdline=False)
+        assert str(excinfo.value) == 'Invalid parameters: you must set either file or cmdline to True'
+
+    def test_get_defaults(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        assert defaults['']['test'] == 'hello'
+
+    def test_get_defaults_group(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        assert defaults['tst']['test'] == 'hello'
+
+    def test_get_defaults_group_space(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('Testing tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        assert defaults['Testing tst']['test'] == 'hello'
+
+    def test_cmdline_only(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', file=False))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst2', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello', cmdline=False))
+
+        file_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True)
+        cmdline_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), cmdline=True)
+
+        assert 'test' not in file_normalized['tst']  # cmdline option not in normalized config
+        assert 'test2' in file_normalized['tst2']  # file option in normalized config
+
+        assert 'test' in cmdline_normalized['tst']  # cmdline option in normalized config
+        assert 'test2' not in cmdline_normalized['tst2']  # file option not in normalized config
+
+    def test_cmdline_only_persistent_group(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', file=False))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst2', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello', cmdline=False))
+
+        file_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True)
+        cmdline_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), cmdline=True)
+
+        assert 'test' not in file_normalized['tst']
+        assert 'test2' in file_normalized['tst2']
+
+        assert 'test' in cmdline_normalized['tst']
+        assert 'test2' not in cmdline_normalized['tst2']
+
+    def test_normalize_defaults(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst_persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True, default=False)
+        assert defaults_normalized.values['tst'] == {}
+        assert defaults_normalized.values['tst_persistent'] == {}
+
+        non_defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        non_defaults.values['tst']['test'] = 'world'
+        non_defaults.values['tst_persistent']['test'] = 'world'
+        non_defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.normalize_config(non_defaults, file=True, default=False)
+
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values['tst'] == {'test': 'world'}
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values['tst_persistent'] == {'test': 'world'}
+
+    def test_normalize_dest(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', dest='test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst_persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True, default=False)
+        assert defaults_normalized.values['tst'] == {}
+        assert defaults_normalized.values['tst_persistent'] == {}
+
+        non_defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        non_defaults.values['tst']['test'] = 'world'
+        non_defaults.values['tst_persistent']['test'] = 'world'
+        non_defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.normalize_config(non_defaults, file=True, default=False)
+
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values['tst'] == {'test': 'world'}
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values['tst_persistent'] == {'test': 'world'}
+
+    def test_normalize(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        defaults.values['test'] = 'fail'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should be removed
+        defaults.values['persistent']['hello'] = 'success'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should stay
+
+        normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True)
+
+        assert 'test' not in normalized
+        assert 'tst' in normalized
+        assert 'test' in normalized['tst']
+        assert normalized['tst']['test'] == 'hello'
+        assert normalized['persistent']['hello'] == 'success'
+        assert normalized['persistent']['world'] == 'world'
+
+    def test_unknown_group(self):
+        manager = settngs.Manager()
+        manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        manager_unknown = settngs.Manager()
+        manager_unknown.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        # This manager doesn't know about this group
+        # manager_unknown.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        defaults = manager.defaults()
+        defaults.values['test'] = 'fail'  # type: ignore[assignment] # Not defined in manager, should be removed
+        defaults.values['persistent']['hello'] = 'success'  # Group is not defined in manager_unknown, should stay
+
+        normalized, _ = manager_unknown.normalize_config(defaults.values, file=True)
+
+        assert 'test' not in normalized
+        assert 'tst' in normalized
+        assert 'test' in normalized['tst']
+        assert normalized['tst']['test'] == 'hello'
+        assert normalized['persistent']['hello'] == 'success'
+        assert normalized['persistent']['world'] == 'world'
+
+
+class TestNamespace:
+
+    def test_invalid_normalize(self, settngs_manager):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
+            settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
+            defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=False, cmdline=False)
+        assert str(excinfo.value) == 'Invalid parameters: you must set either file or cmdline to True'
+
+    def test_get_defaults(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        assert defaults.test == 'hello'
+
+    def test_get_defaults_group(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        assert defaults.tst__test == 'hello'
+
+    def test_get_defaults_group_space(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('Testing tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        assert defaults.Testing_tst__test == 'hello'
+
+    def test_cmdline_only(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', file=False))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst2', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello', cmdline=False))
+
+        file_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True), file=True)
+        cmdline_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), cmdline=True), cmdline=True)
+
+        assert 'tst__test' not in file_normalized.__dict__
+        assert 'tst2__test2' in file_normalized.__dict__
+
+        assert 'tst__test' in cmdline_normalized.__dict__
+        assert 'tst2__test2' not in cmdline_normalized.__dict__
+
+    def test_cmdline_only_persistent_group(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', file=False))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst2', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello', cmdline=False))
+
+        file_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True), file=True)
+        cmdline_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), cmdline=True), cmdline=True)
+
+        assert 'tst__test' not in file_normalized.__dict__
+        assert 'tst2__test2' in file_normalized.__dict__
+
+        assert 'tst__test' in cmdline_normalized.__dict__
+        assert 'tst2__test2' not in cmdline_normalized.__dict__
+
+    def test_normalize_defaults(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst_persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True, default=False), file=True, default=False)
+        assert defaults_normalized.values.__dict__ == {}
+
+        non_defaults = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        non_defaults.values.tst__test = 'world'
+        non_defaults.values.tst_persistent__test = 'world'
+        non_defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(non_defaults, file=True, default=False), file=True, default=False)
+
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values.tst__test == 'world'
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values.tst_persistent__test == 'world'
+
+    def test_normalize_dest(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', dest='test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('tst_persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
+        defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True, default=False), file=True, default=False)
+        assert defaults_normalized.values.__dict__ == {}
+
+        non_defaults = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        non_defaults.values.tst__test = 'world'
+        non_defaults.values.tst_persistent__test = 'world'
+        non_defaults_normalized = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(non_defaults, file=True, default=False), file=True, default=False)
+
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values.tst__test == 'world'
+        assert non_defaults_normalized.values.tst_persistent__test == 'world'
+
+    def test_normalize(self, settngs_manager):
+        settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        defaults = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        defaults.values.test = 'fail'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should be removed
+        defaults.values.persistent__hello = 'success'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should stay
+
+        normalized, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True), file=True)
+
+        assert not hasattr(normalized, 'test')
+        assert hasattr(normalized, 'tst__test')
+        assert normalized.tst__test == 'hello'
+        assert normalized.persistent__hello == 'success'
+        assert normalized.persistent__world == 'world'
+
+    def test_normalize_unknown_group(self, settngs_manager):
+        manager = settngs.Manager()
+        manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        manager_unknown = settngs.Manager()
+        manager_unknown.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
+        # This manager doesn't know about this group
+        # manager_unknown.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
+
+        defaults = manager.get_namespace(manager.defaults(), file=True, cmdline=True)
+        defaults.values.test = 'fail'  # Not defined in manager, should be removed
+        defaults.values.persistent__hello = 'success'  # Not defined in manager, should stay
+
+        normalized, _ = manager_unknown.get_namespace(defaults.values, file=True)
+
+        assert not hasattr(normalized, 'test')
+        assert hasattr(normalized, 'tst__test')
+        assert normalized.tst__test == 'hello'
+        assert normalized.persistent__hello == 'success'
+        assert normalized.persistent__world == 'world'
 
 
 def test_get_namespace_with_namespace(settngs_manager):
     settngs_manager.add_setting('--test', default='hello')
-    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(argparse.Namespace(test='hello'))
-    assert defaults.test == 'hello'
-
-
-def test_get_defaults_group(settngs_manager):
-    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
-    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.defaults()
-    assert defaults['tst']['test'] == 'hello'
+    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(argparse.Namespace(test='success'), file=True)
+    assert defaults.test == 'success'
 
 
 def test_get_namespace_group(settngs_manager):
     settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
-    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults())
-    assert defaults.tst_test == 'hello'
-
-
-def test_cmdline_only(settngs_manager):
-    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', file=False))
-    settngs_manager.add_group('tst2', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='hello', cmdline=False))
-
-    file_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True)
-    cmdline_normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(settngs_manager.defaults(), cmdline=True)
-
-    assert 'test' in cmdline_normalized['tst']
-    assert 'test2' not in cmdline_normalized['tst2']
-
-    assert 'test' not in file_normalized['tst']
-    assert 'test2' in file_normalized['tst2']
-
-
-def test_normalize(settngs_manager):
-    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello'))
-    settngs_manager.add_persistent_group('persistent', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--world', default='world'))
-
-    defaults = settngs_manager.defaults()
-    defaults.values['test'] = 'fail'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should be removed
-    defaults.values['persistent']['hello'] = 'success'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should stay
-
-    defaults_namespace = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults())
-    defaults_namespace.values.test = 'fail'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should be removed
-    defaults_namespace.values.persistent_hello = 'success'  # Not defined in settngs_manager, should stay
-
-    normalized, _ = settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults, file=True)
-    normalized_from_namespace = settngs_manager.normalize_config(defaults_namespace, file=True)
-    normalized_namespace, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(normalized_from_namespace)
-
-    assert 'test' not in normalized
-    assert 'tst' in normalized
-    assert 'test' in normalized['tst']
-    assert normalized['tst']['test'] == 'hello'
-    assert normalized['persistent']['hello'] == 'success'
-
-    assert not hasattr(normalized_namespace, 'test')
-    assert hasattr(normalized_namespace, 'tst_test')
-    assert normalized_namespace.tst_test == 'hello'
-    assert normalized_namespace.persistent_hello == 'success'
+    defaults, _ = settngs_manager.get_namespace(settngs_manager.defaults(), file=True)
+    assert defaults.tst__test == 'hello'
 
 
 def test_clean_config(settngs_manager):
@@ -151,15 +429,25 @@ def test_parse_cmdline(settngs_manager):
     assert normalized['tst']['test'] == 'success'
 
 
-def test_parse_cmdline_with_namespace(settngs_manager):
+namespaces = (
+    lambda definitions: settngs.Config({'tst': {'test': 'fail', 'test2': 'success'}}, definitions),
+    lambda definitions: settngs.Config(argparse.Namespace(tst__test='fail', tst__test2='success'), definitions),
+    lambda definitions: argparse.Namespace(tst__test='fail', tst__test2='success'),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ns', namespaces)
+def test_parse_cmdline_with_namespace(settngs_manager, ns):
     settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test', default='hello', cmdline=True))
+    settngs_manager.add_group('tst', lambda parser: parser.add_setting('--test2', default='fail', cmdline=True))
 
     normalized, _ = settngs_manager.parse_cmdline(
-        ['--test', 'success'], namespace=settngs.Config({'tst': {'test': 'fail'}}, settngs_manager.definitions),
+        ['--test', 'success'], config=ns(settngs_manager.definitions),
     )
 
     assert 'test' in normalized['tst']
     assert normalized['tst']['test'] == 'success'
+    assert normalized['tst']['test2'] == 'success'
 
 
 def test_parse_file(settngs_manager, tmp_path):
@@ -305,7 +593,7 @@ def test_adding_to_existing_group(settngs_manager, tmp_path):
     assert default_to_regular(settngs_manager.definitions) == default_to_regular(settngs_manager2.definitions)
 
 
-def test_adding_to_existing_persistent_group(settngs_manager, tmp_path):
+def test_adding_to_existing_persistent_group(settngs_manager: settngs.Manager, tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
     def default_to_regular(d):
         if isinstance(d, defaultdict):
             d = {k: default_to_regular(v) for k, v in d.items()}
@@ -323,6 +611,126 @@ def test_adding_to_existing_persistent_group(settngs_manager, tmp_path):
     assert default_to_regular(settngs_manager.definitions) == default_to_regular(settngs_manager2.definitions)
 
 
+class test_type(int):
+    ...
+
+
+def _typed_function(something: str) -> test_type:  # pragma: no cover
+    return test_type()
+
+
+def _untyped_function(something):
+    ...
+
+
+class _customAction(argparse.Action):  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_strings,
+        dest,
+        const=None,
+        default=None,
+        required=False,
+        help=None,  # noqa: A002
+        metavar=None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            option_strings=option_strings,
+            dest=dest,
+            nargs=0,
+            const=const,
+            default=default,
+            required=required,
+            help=help,
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        setattr(namespace, self.dest, 'Something')
+
+
+types = (
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test'), str),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', cmdline=False), 'Any'),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', default=1, file=True, cmdline=False), int),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='count'), int),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='append'), List[str]),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='extend'), List[str]),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='store_const', const=1), int),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='append_const', const=1), list),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='store_true'), bool),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='store_false'), bool),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action=settngs.BooleanOptionalAction), bool),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action=_customAction), 'Any'),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='help'), None),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', action='version'), None),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', type=int), int),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', type=_typed_function), test_type),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', type=_untyped_function, default=1), int),
+    (settngs.Setting('-t', '--test', type=_untyped_function), 'Any'),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('setting,typ', types)
+def test_guess_type(setting, typ):
+    guessed_type = setting._guess_type()
+    assert guessed_type == typ
+
+
+settings = (
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test'), 'str'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', cmdline=False), 'typing.Any'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', default=1, file=True, cmdline=False), 'int'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='count'), 'int'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='append'), List[str]),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='extend'), List[str]),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='store_const', const=1), 'int'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='append_const', const=1), 'list'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='store_true'), 'bool'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='store_false'), 'bool'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action=settngs.BooleanOptionalAction), 'bool'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action=_customAction), 'typing.Any'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='help'), None),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', action='version'), None),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', type=int), 'int'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', nargs='+'), List[str]),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', type=_typed_function), 'tests.settngs_test.test_type'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', type=_untyped_function, default=1), 'int'),
+    (lambda parser: parser.add_setting('-t', '--test', type=_untyped_function), 'typing.Any'),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('set_options,typ', settings)
+def test_generate_ns(settngs_manager, set_options, typ):
+    settngs_manager.add_group('test', set_options)
+
+    src = dedent('''\
+    from __future__ import annotations
+
+    import settngs
+    ''')
+
+    if 'typing.' in str(typ):
+        src += '\nimport typing'
+    if typ == 'tests.settngs_test.test_type':
+        src += '\nimport tests.settngs_test'
+    src += dedent('''
+
+
+    class settngs_namespace(settngs.TypedNS):
+    ''')
+    if typ is None:
+        src += '    ...\n'
+    else:
+        src += f'    {settngs_manager.definitions["test"].v["test"].internal_name}: {typ}\n'
+
+    generated_src = settngs_manager.generate_ns()
+
+    assert generated_src == src
+
+    ast.parse(generated_src)
+
+
 def test_example(capsys, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
     settings_file = tmp_path / 'settings.json'
@@ -332,7 +740,9 @@ def test_example(capsys, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     for args, expected_out, expected_file in example:
         if args == ['manual settings.json']:
             settings_file.unlink()
-            settings_file.write_text('{\n  "example": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n')
+            settings_file.write_text('{\n  "Example Group": {\n    "hello": "lordwelch",\n    "verbose": true\n  },\n  "persistent": {\n    "test": false,\n    "hello": "world"\n  }\n}\n')
+            i += 1
+            continue
         else:
             settngs._main(args)
             captured = capsys.readouterr()

tox.ini

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[tox]
-envlist = py3.8,py3.9,py3.10,py3.11,pypy3
-
-[testenv]
-deps = -rrequirements-dev.txt
-commands =
-    coverage erase
-    coverage run -m pytest {posargs:tests}
-    coverage report
-
-[pep8]
-ignore = E265,E501
-max_line_length = 120
-
-[flake8]
-extend-ignore = E501, A003
-max_line_length = 120